{
 "jurisdiction_id": "US-ND",
 "jurisdiction": "United States – North Dakota",
 "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-11",
 "schema_version": "world-payments-v1",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 14,
  "sourced_findings": 68,
  "source_register": 124
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "W1a",
   "name": "Licensing, Authorisation & Market Access",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w1a-licensing-authorisation-market-access",
   "standing_position": "North Dakota regulates money transmission under the Money Transmission Modernization Act (NDCC ch. 13-09.1, enacted 2023, replacing the older ch. 13-09), administered by the ND Department of Financial Institutions (NDDFI) via NMLS. Banks, credit unions and other depository institutions are exempt; non-bank money transmitters (including virtual-currency kiosk operators since HB 1447, 2025) must hold an MTL. No physical presence is required.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Money Transmission Modernization Act (NDCC ch. 13-09.1, SB 2119)",
     "source": "https://www.nd.gov/dfi/news/north-dakota-enacts-money-transmission-modernization-act",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDDFI licensing fee schedule",
     "source": "https://www.nd.gov/dfi/about-dfi/non-depository/frequently-asked-questions-non-depository",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDCC 13-09-02 / 13-09.1-02 exemptions",
     "source": "https://moneytransmitterlaw.com/cryptocurrency-state-laws/north-dakota/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Surety bond / net worth requirement",
     "source": "https://www.bondexchange.com/north-dakota-money-transmitter-bond-a-comprehensive-guide/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDCC 13-09.1-50 (virtual currency kiosk licensure)",
     "source": "https://www.nd.gov/dfi/crypto-atms",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NMLS / SAFE Act participation",
     "source": "https://www.nd.gov/faq/financial-institutions-faq",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W1b",
   "name": "Conduct, Safeguarding & Financial Promotions",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w1b-conduct-safeguarding-financial-promotions",
   "standing_position": "Federal GENIUS Act implementation racing 18 July 2026 statutory deadline: joint FinCEN/OFAC AML-sanctions proposed rule (8 Apr 2026), FDIC custody rule (comments due 9 Jun 2026), Treasury 'substantially similar' NPRM gating state-qualified issuers including ND.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDCC 13-09-04 permissible investments (safeguarding mechanism)",
     "source": "https://moneytransmitterlaw.com/cryptocurrency-state-laws/north-dakota/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 1127 (2025) information security / breach notification law",
     "source": "https://www.workplaceprivacyreport.com/2025/07/articles/data-security/hb1127-explained-north-dakotas-new-infosec-requirements-for-financial-corporations/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 1447 (2025) consumer conduct/disclosure requirements",
     "source": "https://www.nd.gov/dfi/crypto-atms",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDCC 13-09.1-22 AML/CFT reporting",
     "source": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t13c09-1.pdf",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "State Consumer Fraud Law (NDCC 54-12-17)",
     "source": "https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/consumer-resources/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W2",
   "name": "Stablecoins & Digital Money",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w2-stablecoins-digital-money",
   "standing_position": "North Dakota has no dedicated stablecoin-issuer licensing statute; digital-money activity is governed instead through the general money-transmitter chapter (13-09.1) plus the federal GENIUS Act framework. The headline development is Bank of North Dakota's (the nation's only state-owned bank) Roughrider Coin, a USD-backed stablecoin built with Fiserv for bank-to-bank settlement, approved for pilot by the ND Industrial Commission with launch targeted in 2026.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Roughrider Coin (BND/Fiserv stablecoin pilot)",
     "source": "https://bnd.nd.gov/roughrider/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "ND Industrial Commission use-case approval",
     "source": "https://northdakotamonitor.com/2026/03/26/north-dakota-moves-forward-with-stablecoin-as-local-banks-express-interest-in-pilot-project/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Fiserv FIUSD digital asset platform",
     "source": "https://investors.fiserv.com/news-releases/news-release-details/bank-north-dakota-and-fiserv-partner-launch-roughrider-coin",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDCC 13-09 / 13-09.1 virtual currency scope",
     "source": "https://www.nd.gov/faq/financial-institutions-faq",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Legislative Resolution 3001 (2025, non-binding)",
     "source": "https://www.tokenpost.com/news/regulation/13806",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W3",
   "name": "Operational Resilience & Critical Infrastructure",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w3-operational-resilience-critical-infrastructure",
   "standing_position": "ND operational resilience runs on two tracks: depository institutions (banks/credit unions) are examined by NDDFI on a roughly 18-24 month cycle aligned to FFIEC/NCUA IT-examination frameworks, while non-depository payments-adjacent licensees (money transmitters, crypto kiosks, money brokers) are newly subject to HB 1127's mandatory written information-security program and breach-notification regime (effective Aug 1, 2025). The Roughrider Coin stablecoin pilot has itself become a live case study in third-party/vendor and reputational operational-resilience risk assessment.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 1127 cybersecurity governance law",
     "source": "https://www.privacyanddatasecurityinsight.com/2025/05/north-dakota-governor-signs-cybersecurity-governance-law-for-financial-institutions/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDDFI examination cadence",
     "source": "https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/interviews/state-spotlight-north-dakota-information-security-top-priority-i-295",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDCC 6-01-18 examination reliance",
     "source": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t06c01.pdf",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Operational security baseline (telework/remote access)",
     "source": "https://www.nd.gov/dfi/about-dfi/non-depository/frequently-asked-questions-non-depository",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Roughrider Coin vendor/reputational risk assessment",
     "source": "https://northdakotamonitor.com/2026/03/26/north-dakota-moves-forward-with-stablecoin-as-local-banks-express-interest-in-pilot-project/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W4",
   "name": "Scheme & Network Compliance",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w4-scheme-network-compliance",
   "standing_position": "North Dakota is the unlikely epicenter of the single most consequential US card-scheme compliance event of the period: a federal district court in Bismarck vacated the Federal Reserve's Regulation II debit-interchange fee standard (stayed pending appeal). Separately, state-level legislative attempts to regulate interchange-on-sales-tax have failed, and North Dakota otherwise defaults to federal/network surcharging rules with no bespoke state scheme-compliance statute.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Corner Post, Inc. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (D.N.D., Aug 6, 2025)",
     "source": "https://www.cooley.com/news/insight/2025/2025-08-15-district-court-vacates-regulation-iis-debit-card-interchange-fee-standard",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Corner Post case origin",
     "source": "https://northdakotamonitor.com/2025/08/07/north-dakota-truck-stop-paves-way-for-reducing-debit-card-fees-nationwide/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "SB 2217 (2023, failed) interchange-on-sales-tax bill",
     "source": "https://www.consumerfinancemonitor.com/2023/02/22/north-dakota-legislation-seeks-to-ban-interchange-on-sales-tax/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Credit card surcharge disclosure norms",
     "source": "https://merchantcostconsulting.com/lower-credit-card-processing-fees/north-dakota-surcharge-laws/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W5",
   "name": "Payment Corridor Dynamics",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w5-payment-corridor-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "ND's payment corridors run through two channels: (i) the FedNow instant-payments rail, on which Bank of North Dakota and at least five other ND institutions are live; and (ii) BND's own correspondent/wholesale network, which channels ND's roughly 100+ community banks and credit unions into national ACH, Fedwire and Fed-funds settlement. The planned Roughrider Coin stablecoin is explicitly positioned as a new cross-border/bank-to-bank settlement corridor layered atop this existing infrastructure.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "FedNow instant-payments participation",
     "source": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/banking/learn/banks-that-use-fednow",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Roughrider Coin cross-border corridor use case",
     "source": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251008696630/en/Bank-of-North-Dakota-and-Fiserv-Partner-to-Launch-Roughrider-Coin-North-Dakotas-first-Stablecoin",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "BND correspondent clearing services",
     "source": "https://bnd.nd.gov/fi/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Historical agricultural-trade corridor rationale",
     "source": "https://www.library.nd.gov/statedocs/BND/BankofND20101101.pdf",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W6",
   "name": "Industry Structure & Commercial Dynamics",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w6-industry-structure-commercial-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "North Dakota's payments-adjacent banking sector is uniquely structured around Bank of North Dakota, the only state-owned general-service bank in the US, which acts as wholesaler, correspondent and technology-adoption leader for a fragmented, community-bank-dominated market with the highest per-capita density of financial institutions of any state. In-state community-bank consolidation continues via family-holding-company M&A alongside BND's Roughrider Coin fintech push.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "BND wholesale/market-structure role",
     "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_North_Dakota",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "In-state community bank M&A",
     "source": "https://bankingjournal.aba.com/2026/01/bank-acquisitions-announced-in-four-states-4/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal Reserve Change in Bank Control notice",
     "source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/08/2026-06771/change-in-bank-control-notices-acquisitions-of-shares-of-a-bank-or-bank-holding-company",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Vendor concentration (Fiserv)",
     "source": "https://investors.fiserv.com/news-releases/news-release-details/bank-north-dakota-and-fiserv-partner-launch-roughrider-coin",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "BND public-sector merchant services mandate",
     "source": "https://bnd.nd.gov/government/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W7",
   "name": "Legal & Litigation",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w7-legal-litigation",
   "standing_position": "The dominant payments-legal event centered on North Dakota is Corner Post, Inc. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, in which a Bismarck federal judge vacated Regulation II's debit-interchange framework nationwide (stayed on appeal) after a multi-year procedural odyssey including a Supreme Court ruling on timeliness. Separately, the ND Attorney General's Consumer Protection Division continues active enforcement against payment-adjacent deceptive billing practices, and HB 1127 gives NDDFI new civil-penalty enforcement powers over non-bank financial corporations.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Corner Post, Inc. v. Bd. of Governors of Fed. Rsrv. Sys., 2025 WL 2253474 (D.N.D. Aug. 6, 2025)",
     "source": "https://www.cooley.com/news/insight/2025/2025-08-15-district-court-vacates-regulation-iis-debit-card-interchange-fee-standard",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Litigation history",
     "source": "https://northdakotamonitor.com/2025/08/07/north-dakota-truck-stop-paves-way-for-reducing-debit-card-fees-nationwide/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "AG Consumer Fraud Law settlement",
     "source": "https://www.valleynewslive.com/2026/02/16/north-dakota-ag-secures-settlement-over-fake-invoice-scam-targeting-businesses-nonprofits/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 1127 enforcement powers",
     "source": "https://www.privacyanddatasecurityinsight.com/2025/05/north-dakota-governor-signs-cybersecurity-governance-law-for-financial-institutions/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W8",
   "name": "Merchant Acquiring & Risk",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w8-merchant-acquiring-risk",
   "standing_position": "North Dakota imposes no bespoke merchant-acquiring statute: credit-card surcharging is permitted by default (subject to federal/network disclosure rules) while debit surcharging remains nationally prohibited under the Durbin Amendment and network rules. The state's own public-sector merchant acquiring runs exclusively through BND, and the newly regulated crypto-ATM channel (HB 1447) introduces bespoke high-risk-merchant fraud-control obligations (blockchain analytics, compliance officers).",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "State surcharge-law landscape",
     "source": "https://merchantcostconsulting.com/lower-credit-card-processing-fees/credit-card-surcharge-laws-by-state/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Durbin Amendment debit surcharge prohibition",
     "source": "https://ebizcharge.com/blog/credit-card-surcharging-a-state-by-state-legal-analysis/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "SB 2217 merchant-acquiring cost dispute",
     "source": "https://www.consumerfinancemonitor.com/2023/02/22/north-dakota-legislation-seeks-to-ban-interchange-on-sales-tax/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "BND public-sector acquiring mandate",
     "source": "https://bnd.nd.gov/government/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "High-risk merchant channel controls (crypto ATMs)",
     "source": "https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/03/19/north-dakota-senate-passes-crypto-atm-bill-to-create-licensing-regime",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W9",
   "name": "Product Innovation & Market Development",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w9-product-innovation-market-development",
   "standing_position": "ND's flagship product-innovation story is the Roughrider Coin, a state-owned-bank-affiliated stablecoin built with Fiserv, positioned as a bank-to-bank instant-settlement product with potential future merchant use. This sits alongside FedNow adoption, a new statutory response (HB 1447) to organic crypto-ATM market growth, and exploratory legislative interest (Resolution 3001, HB 1082) in digital-asset investment and UCC modernization.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "BND Fintech program / Roughrider Coin",
     "source": "https://bnd.nd.gov/fintech/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Merchant-adoption horizon item",
     "source": "https://www.ksjbam.com/2025/10/09/bank-of-north-dakota-to-launch-roughrider-coin-stablecoin-cryptocurrency/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 1447 market-response regulation",
     "source": "https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/03/19/north-dakota-senate-passes-crypto-atm-bill-to-create-licensing-regime",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Legislative Resolution 3001 (2025)",
     "source": "https://decrypt.co/300499/north-dakota-considers-state-bitcoin-treasury",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 1082 UCC digital-asset amendments",
     "source": "https://ndcan.org/house-bill-1082",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W10",
   "name": "Consumer Protection & APP Fraud",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w10-consumer-protection-app-fraud",
   "standing_position": "ND's most concrete recent consumer-protection payments action is HB 1447 (2025), a direct legislative response to substantial documented crypto-ATM fraud losses among ND residents, imposing transaction caps, warnings and disclosure duties. Broader consumer-fraud enforcement runs through the Attorney General's Consumer Protection and Antitrust Division. No dedicated ND statutory bank-transfer APP-fraud reimbursement mandate was identified.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 1447 consumer protections",
     "source": "https://www.nd.gov/dfi/crypto-atms",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDDFI Commissioner testimony (policy basis)",
     "source": "https://northdakotamonitor.com/2025/01/22/north-dakota-bill-takes-aim-at-crypto-fraud-with-new-consumer-protections/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "AG Consumer Protection Division complaint process",
     "source": "https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/consumer-resources/consumer-complaints/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "AARP-documented crypto-fraud losses",
     "source": "https://states.aarp.org/north-dakota/2025-cryptoatm",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDDFI crypto-ATM financial literacy resource",
     "source": "https://www.nd.gov/dfi/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W11",
   "name": "AML/CFT & Financial Crime",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w11-aml-cft-financial-crime",
   "standing_position": "W11 is designated Sentinel.gi-fed per methodology; no live Sentinel.gi payments-context feed was accessible during this collection pass, so no original illicit-finance analysis has been performed. The only fact captured is the statutory BSA/AML reporting linkage embedded in ND's money-transmitter chapter, included as regime context rather than AML analysis.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDCC 13-09.1-22 statutory AML/CFT linkage",
     "source": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t13c09-1.pdf",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "North Dakota has no standalone state AML statute; entities and MSBs operating in-state are governed by the federal Bank Secrecy Act/AML Act framework (FinCEN, OFAC) with state money-transmitter licensing and examination performed by the North Dakota Department of Financial Institutions (DFI). No ND-specific AML/CFT statutory deficiency has been separately assessed by FATF, which evaluates the US as a single jurisdiction.",
     "instrument_type": "assessment",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) per-JID baseline profile — United States — North Dakota",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: sourcing-thinness",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-002)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: legal-gap",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-003)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: absent-field-provenance",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-004)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: regulatory-failure",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-001)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W12",
   "name": "Correspondent Banking, Settlement & Access",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w12-correspondent-banking-settlement-access",
   "standing_position": "Correspondent banking and settlement access in North Dakota is structurally centered on Bank of North Dakota, which acts as the correspondent bank for most in-state institutions, holds its own Federal Reserve account through the Minneapolis Fed, and is uniquely state-guaranteed rather than FDIC-insured. This model was explicitly designed to offset de-risking/access pressure on small rural institutions of the kind documented elsewhere in the Ninth Federal Reserve District.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "BND correspondent banking services",
     "source": "https://bnd.nd.gov/fi/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Ninth Federal Reserve District membership",
     "source": "https://www.usccr.gov/files/pubs/uncsam/agency/fedres.htm",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDCC 6-09-10 state-guarantee (not FDIC-insured)",
     "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_North_Dakota",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "NDCC 6-01-18 examination-reliance access provision",
     "source": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t06c01.pdf",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Rural de-risking pressure context",
     "source": "https://www.minneapolisfed.org/article/2018/27-how-bank-closures-affect-rural-communities",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W13",
   "name": "Commercial Intelligence & Fintech",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-north-dakota/#w13-commercial-intelligence-fintech",
   "standing_position": "Trailing-12-month commercial activity in North Dakota payments is dominated by the Bank of North Dakota / Fiserv Roughrider Coin initiative (announcement through Industrial Commission pilot approval) alongside conventional in-state community-bank consolidation (First Holding Company of Park River's acquisition of First State Bank of Cando; the Mayo family shareholder group's change-in-control at First Holding Company of Cavalier).",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event: product partnership launch",
     "source": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251008696630/en/Bank-of-North-Dakota-and-Fiserv-Partner-to-Launch-Roughrider-Coin-North-Dakotas-first-Stablecoin",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event: regulatory/product milestone",
     "source": "https://northdakotamonitor.com/2026/03/26/north-dakota-moves-forward-with-stablecoin-as-local-banks-express-interest-in-pilot-project/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event: bank M&A",
     "source": "https://bankingjournal.aba.com/2026/01/bank-acquisitions-announced-in-four-states-4/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event: change in bank control",
     "source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/08/2026-06771/change-in-bank-control-notices-acquisitions-of-shares-of-a-bank-or-bank-holding-company",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}