{
 "jurisdiction_id": "US-KS",
 "jurisdiction": "United States – Kansas",
 "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-11",
 "schema_version": "world-payments-v1",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 14,
  "sourced_findings": 64,
  "source_register": 154
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "W1a",
   "name": "Licensing, Authorisation & Market Access",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w1a-licensing-authorisation-market-access",
   "standing_position": "Kansas regulates payments/money transmission through the Office of the State Bank Commissioner (OSBC) under the Kansas Money Transmission Act (KMTA), which fully replaced the former Money Transmitter Act effective January 1, 2025 via HB 2560 (2024). Licensing runs through NMLS with net-worth, bond/permissible-investment and background-check requirements, and the regime is actively being extended (2026) to virtual-currency kiosk operators.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas Money Transmission Act, K.S.A. 9-555 et seq. (enacted by HB 2560, L.2024 ch.64)",
     "source": "https://osbckansas.gov/legal/kmta_2025.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://osbckansas.gov/legal/kmta_2025.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas Money Transmission Act",
     "source": "https://klrd.gov/2024/12/18/definition-of-money-and-money-transmitters/",
     "source_url": "https://klrd.gov/2024/12/18/definition-of-money-and-money-transmitters/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas Money Transmission Act - definitions",
     "source": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch09/009_005_0055.html",
     "source_url": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas Money Transmission Act - exemptions",
     "source": "https://moneytransmitterlaw.com/state-laws/kansas/",
     "source_url": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 2591 (2026) - Virtual Currency Kiosk Consumer Protection Act",
     "source": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_url": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Prior Kansas Money Transmitter Act amendments (SB 139, 2013)",
     "source": "https://www.pillsburylaw.com/en/news-and-insights/starting-july-1-kansas-money-transmitter-act-requires-licensure.html",
     "source_url": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W1b",
   "name": "Conduct, Safeguarding & Financial Promotions",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w1b-conduct-safeguarding-financial-promotions",
   "standing_position": "Kansas ties licensee conduct to permissible-investment/trust safeguarding of outstanding transmission liability, a dedicated information-security statute mirroring the federal GLBA Safeguards Rule, a 2024 Earned Wage Access conduct regime under OSBC, and a 2025 surcharge-disclosure regime governing card-payment promotions/pricing, all backstopped by the Kansas Consumer Protection Act.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas Money Transmission Act - permissible investments",
     "source": "https://osbckansas.gov/legal/kmta_2025.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://osbckansas.gov/legal/kmta_2025.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas Financial Institutions Information Security Act (SB 44, 2023)",
     "source": "https://www.consumerfinancemonitor.com/2023/05/22/kansas-passes-an-act-requiring-mortgage-companies-supervised-lender-and-money-transmitters-to-create-information-security-standards-consistent-with-glbas-consumer-information-safeguard-rule/",
     "source_url": "https://www.consumerfinancemonitor.com/2023/05/22/kansas-passes-an-act-requiring-mortgage-companies-supervised-lender-and-money-transmitters-to-create-information-security-standards-consistent-with-glbas-consumer-information-safeguard-rule/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas Earned Wage Access Services Act (HB 2560, 2024)",
     "source": "https://www.osbckansas.gov/kansas-earned-wage-access-legislation/",
     "source_url": "https://www.osbckansas.gov/kansas-earned-wage-access-legislation/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "K.S.A. 16a-2-403 (amended by HB 2247, 2024)",
     "source": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch16a/016a_002_0403.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.osbckansas.gov/kansas-earned-wage-access-legislation/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas Consumer Protection Act, K.S.A. 50-623 et seq.",
     "source": "https://legalclarity.org/kansas-attorney-general-consumer-protection-what-you-need-to-know/",
     "source_url": "https://www.osbckansas.gov/kansas-earned-wage-access-legislation/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W2",
   "name": "Stablecoins & Digital Money",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w2-stablecoins-digital-money",
   "standing_position": "Kansas does not treat cryptocurrency as \"money\" under the KMTA, so pure crypto-to-crypto transfers fall outside state money-transmission licensing, while crypto-fiat exchange through a third party generally does trigger it; a dedicated Kansas fiduciary charter (TEFFI) exists for digital-asset trust institutions, and the 2026 Virtual Currency Kiosk Act plus the federal GENIUS Act now layer additional stablecoin/crypto-kiosk requirements onto the state regime.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "OSBC Guidance: Regulatory Treatment of Virtual Currencies (2014, updated 2021 & 2025)",
     "source": "https://www.osbckansas.gov/cml/mt_2014_01.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.osbckansas.gov/cml/mt_2014_01.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 2591 (2026) - Virtual Currency Kiosk Consumer Protection Act",
     "source": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.governor.ks.gov/Home/Components/News/News/1012/56",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 2591 (2026) - Technology-Enabled Fiduciary Financial Institution (TEFFI) provisions",
     "source": "https://www.governor.ks.gov/Home/Components/News/News/1012/56",
     "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/plaws/publ27/PLAW-119publ27.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "GENIUS Act, Public Law 119-27 (federal, enacted July 18, 2025)",
     "source": "https://www.congress.gov/119/plaws/publ27/PLAW-119publ27.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/plaws/publ27/PLAW-119publ27.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "OCC proposed rule implementing the GENIUS Act (2026)",
     "source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/03/02/2026-04089/implementing-the-guiding-and-establishing-national-innovation-for-us-stablecoins-act-for-the",
     "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/plaws/publ27/PLAW-119publ27.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W3",
   "name": "Operational Resilience & Critical Infrastructure",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w3-operational-resilience-critical-infrastructure",
   "standing_position": "Kansas layers a GLBA-equivalent information-security statute onto covered financial institutions (including money transmitters), a state security-breach notification law with tight timing obligations, and a distinct public-sector cybersecurity incident-reporting regime, while the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City provides the regional payment-system-risk and account-management infrastructure for Kansas depository institutions.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas Financial Institutions Information Security Act (SB 44, 2023)",
     "source": "https://www.consumerfinancemonitor.com/2023/05/22/kansas-passes-an-act-requiring-mortgage-companies-supervised-lender-and-money-transmitters-to-create-information-security-standards-consistent-with-glbas-consumer-information-safeguard-rule/",
     "source_url": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/sessionlaws/2023/Chapter-75-HB-2019.html",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "K.S.A. 50-7a01 - Consumer information; security breach",
     "source": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch50/050_007a_0001.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.kansascityfed.org/banking/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 2019 (2023) - state cybersecurity incident reporting",
     "source": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/sessionlaws/2023/Chapter-75-HB-2019.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.kansascityfed.org/banking/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City - Payment System Risk / banking supervision resources",
     "source": "https://www.kansascityfed.org/banking/",
     "source_url": "https://www.kansascityfed.org/banking/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W4",
   "name": "Scheme & Network Compliance",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w4-scheme-network-compliance",
   "standing_position": "Kansas lifted a decades-old ban on credit-card surcharging (HB 2247, effective January 1, 2025) after a federal court found the prior ban unconstitutional, replacing it with a disclosure-based regime that operates alongside federal Durbin Amendment debit-interchange caps and card-network (Visa/Mastercard) surcharge notice and percentage-cap rules.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "K.S.A. 16a-2-403, annotation citing CardX, LLC v. Schmidt",
     "source": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch16a/016a_002_0403.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch16a/016a_002_0403.html",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Card-network scheme rules (Visa) referenced alongside K.S.A. 16a-2-403",
     "source": "https://intellipay.com/surcharge-interchange-fee-legislation-2026/",
     "source_url": "https://intellipay.com/surcharge-interchange-fee-legislation-2026/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Durbin Amendment, Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (federal)",
     "source": "https://merchantcostconsulting.com/lower-credit-card-processing-fees/kansas-surcharge-laws/",
     "source_url": "https://intellipay.com/surcharge-interchange-fee-legislation-2026/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W5",
   "name": "Payment Corridor Dynamics",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w5-payment-corridor-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "Kansas hosts an outsized correspondent-banking wire corridor through a small rural bank (CBW Bank), sits within the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City's settlement infrastructure, and shows growing but still-partial community-bank participation in the domestic FedNow instant-payments rail; the state's rural banks remain materially dependent on correspondent-bank credit lines for cross-border wire settlement.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Correspondent banking / cross-border wire corridor",
     "source": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/cbw-bank-kansas-20m-fdic-penalty-aml-suspicious-activity-lawsuit/736422/",
     "source_url": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/cbw-bank-kansas-20m-fdic-penalty-aml-suspicious-activity-lawsuit/736422/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "FedNow instant-payments rail participation",
     "source": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/banking/learn/banks-that-use-fednow",
     "source_url": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/banking/learn/banks-that-use-fednow",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City settlement infrastructure",
     "source": "https://www.kansascityfed.org/banking/",
     "source_url": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/banking/learn/banks-that-use-fednow",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Correspondent bank credit line for wire settlement",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/failed-kansas-bank-rapidly-borrowed-21-million-from-fhlb-system",
     "source_url": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/banking/learn/banks-that-use-fednow",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W6",
   "name": "Industry Structure & Commercial Dynamics",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w6-industry-structure-commercial-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "Kansas's payments-adjacent industry structure is dominated by an actively-consolidating community-bank sector led by Wichita-based Equity Bancshares, a large Lenexa-headquartered credit union pursuing scale mergers, several Wichita community-bank brands, and a globally-recognized homegrown fintech (C2FO); a fintech-sponsor-bank model also exists in the state (Small Business Bank) alongside a newly announced major fintech-employer entrant (Fiserv) in Overland Park.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "SEC Form 8-K - Equity Bancshares/Frontier Holdings merger agreement",
     "source": "https://s203.q4cdn.com/843919082/files/doc_downloads/2025/09/6b78ce64-69c3-45b1-b05d-d6ca569fc4ad.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/equity-bank-frontier-kansas-nebraska-122-million-merger/759140/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Community bank consolidation",
     "source": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/equity-bank-frontier-kansas-nebraska-122-million-merger/759140/",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/fed-warns-that-kansas-bank-significantly-undercapitalized",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Credit union consolidation",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/five-trends-that-shaped-the-credit-union-industry-in-2025",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/fed-warns-that-kansas-bank-significantly-undercapitalized",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas-originated fintech",
     "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2FO",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/fed-warns-that-kansas-bank-significantly-undercapitalized",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Fintech sponsor-bank model",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/fed-warns-that-kansas-bank-significantly-undercapitalized",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/fed-warns-that-kansas-bank-significantly-undercapitalized",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "New fintech employer entrant",
     "source": "https://www.kansascommerce.gov/2025/04/governor-kelly-announces-fiserv-to-open-regional-fintech-hub-in-kansas/",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/fed-warns-that-kansas-bank-significantly-undercapitalized",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W7",
   "name": "Legal & Litigation",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w7-legal-litigation",
   "standing_position": "Kansas's payments litigation and enforcement landscape is anchored by the CardX v. Schmidt First Amendment ruling that dismantled the state's surcharge ban, a $20 million FDIC BSA/AML penalty against a Kansas-domiciled correspondent bank (whose challenge to that penalty was dismissed for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction in March 2025), Kansas's participation in a nationwide $80 million Cash App settlement, repeated Federal Reserve enforcement against a Lenexa fintech-sponsor bank, and a federal criminal case tied to the 2023 failure of a rural Kansas bank.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "CardX, LLC v. Schmidt, 522 F. Supp. 3d 929 (D. Kan. 2021)",
     "source": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch16a/016a_002_0403.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch16a/016a_002_0403.html",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "FDIC civil money penalty",
     "source": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/cbw-bank-kansas-20m-fdic-penalty-aml-suspicious-activity-lawsuit/736422/",
     "source_url": "https://bankingjournal.aba.com/2025/04/kansas-federal-court-dismisses-cbw-bank-lawsuit-for-lack-of-subject-matter-jurisdiction/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Multistate BSA/AML enforcement action",
     "source": "https://osbckansas.gov/kansas-joins-80-million-enforcement-action-against-block-inc-cash-app-for-bsa-aml-violations/",
     "source_url": "https://osbckansas.gov/kansas-joins-80-million-enforcement-action-against-block-inc-cash-app-for-bsa-aml-violations/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal Reserve prompt corrective action",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/fed-warns-that-kansas-bank-significantly-undercapitalized",
     "source_url": "https://osbckansas.gov/kansas-joins-80-million-enforcement-action-against-block-inc-cash-app-for-bsa-aml-violations/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal criminal indictment / bank failure",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/why-kansas-bank-failure-did-not-raise-alarms-for-industry",
     "source_url": "https://osbckansas.gov/kansas-joins-80-million-enforcement-action-against-block-inc-cash-app-for-bsa-aml-violations/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W8",
   "name": "Merchant Acquiring & Risk",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w8-merchant-acquiring-risk",
   "standing_position": "Kansas merchants gained the legal ability to add credit-card surcharges from January 1, 2025 subject to clear point-of-sale disclosure, operating alongside continued federal debit no-surcharge/interchange-cap rules and card-network-imposed surcharge percentage caps and notice requirements; local district attorney consumer-protection units actively police merchant compliance with the new disclosure regime.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "K.S.A. 16a-2-403 (amended by HB 2247, 2024)",
     "source": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch16a/016a_002_0403.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch16a/016a_002_0403.html",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal Durbin Amendment debit no-surcharge rule",
     "source": "https://merchantcostconsulting.com/lower-credit-card-processing-fees/kansas-surcharge-laws/",
     "source_url": "https://www.kake.com/home/change-in-kansas-state-law-allows-merchants-to-add-surcharge-to-credit-card-transactions/article_d5e9ab0e-d204-11ef-a55c-df5bcfaae0d6.html",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Card-network scheme surcharge rules",
     "source": "https://intellipay.com/surcharge-interchange-fee-legislation-2026/",
     "source_url": "https://www.kake.com/home/change-in-kansas-state-law-allows-merchants-to-add-surcharge-to-credit-card-transactions/article_d5e9ab0e-d204-11ef-a55c-df5bcfaae0d6.html",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Local consumer-protection enforcement posture",
     "source": "https://www.kake.com/home/change-in-kansas-state-law-allows-merchants-to-add-surcharge-to-credit-card-transactions/article_d5e9ab0e-d204-11ef-a55c-df5bcfaae0d6.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.kake.com/home/change-in-kansas-state-law-allows-merchants-to-add-surcharge-to-credit-card-transactions/article_d5e9ab0e-d204-11ef-a55c-df5bcfaae0d6.html",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W9",
   "name": "Product Innovation & Market Development",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w9-product-innovation-market-development",
   "standing_position": "Kansas product innovation spans early community-bank FedNow instant-payments adoption, a formalized 2024 Earned Wage Access product category, a 2026 crypto-kiosk consumer-protection layer, a Kansas-originated global working-capital fintech (C2FO), and a major new fintech-processing employment hub (Fiserv, Overland Park) - though the state has no dedicated open-banking mandate or CBDC pilot of its own.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "FedNow instant-payments adoption",
     "source": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/banking/learn/banks-that-use-fednow",
     "source_url": "https://www.kslegislature.gov/li_2024/b2023_24/measures/documents/summary_hb_2560_2024",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas Earned Wage Access Services Act (2024)",
     "source": "https://www.kslegislature.gov/li_2024/b2023_24/measures/documents/summary_hb_2560_2024",
     "source_url": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 2591 (2026) - Virtual Currency Kiosk Consumer Protection Act",
     "source": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_url": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas-originated fintech product",
     "source": "https://c2fo.com/newsroom/record-breaking-year-for-c2fo-marks-shift-in-trade-finance-landscape/",
     "source_url": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Fintech-processing market development",
     "source": "https://www.kansascommerce.gov/2025/04/governor-kelly-announces-fiserv-to-open-regional-fintech-hub-in-kansas/",
     "source_url": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W10",
   "name": "Consumer Protection & APP Fraud",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w10-consumer-protection-app-fraud",
   "standing_position": "Consumer protection in Kansas runs through the Kansas Consumer Protection Act enforced by the Attorney General and county District Attorneys, a state security-breach notification law tied to payment/financial account data, and a newly enacted (2026) crypto-kiosk consumer-protection layer specifically targeting scam-related virtual-currency transactions - the Kansas AG's office is self-described as a national leader on cryptocurrency-related scam enforcement.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas Consumer Protection Act, K.S.A. 50-623 et seq.",
     "source": "https://legalclarity.org/kansas-attorney-general-consumer-protection-what-you-need-to-know/",
     "source_url": "https://legalclarity.org/kansas-attorney-general-consumer-protection-what-you-need-to-know/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "HB 2591 (2026) - Virtual Currency Kiosk Consumer Protection Act",
     "source": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_url": "https://sos.ks.gov/publications/Register/Volume-45/Issues/Issue-18/04-30-26-54119.html",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Kansas AG Public Protection Division - Charities & Financial Scams",
     "source": "https://www.ag.ks.gov/divisions/public-protection",
     "source_url": "https://www.ag.ks.gov/divisions/public-protection",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "K.S.A. 50-7a01 - security breach notification",
     "source": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch50/050_007a_0001.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.ag.ks.gov/divisions/public-protection",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W11",
   "name": "AML/CFT & Financial Crime",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w11-aml-cft-financial-crime",
   "standing_position": "W11 carries the Sentinel.gi payments-context AML/CFT position only, not original illicit-finance analysis. The federal FinCEN/BSA framework governs Kansas money transmitters and banks; Kansas's OSBC participates directly in national multistate BSA/AML supervisory and enforcement coordination, and a Kansas-domiciled bank has been a notable BSA/AML enforcement data point within that national posture.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "sentinel.bank_bsa_enforcement_datapoint",
     "source": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/cbw-bank-kansas-20m-fdic-penalty-aml-suspicious-activity-lawsuit/736422/",
     "source_url": "https://osbckansas.gov/kansas-joins-80-million-enforcement-action-against-block-inc-cash-app-for-bsa-aml-violations/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": "Kansas AML/CFT architecture operates almost entirely through the federal BSA regime, overlaid by the Kansas Office of the State Bank Commissioner (OSBC), which charters/examines state banks and licenses money transmitters under the Kansas Uniform Money Services Act. Kansas has no independent beneficial-ownership registry and no distinct virtual-asset licensing regime; it relies on federal FinCEN/CTA infrastructure, which was substantially narrowed in March 2025.",
     "instrument_type": "assessment",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) per-JID baseline profile — United States — Kansas",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: sourcing-thinness",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-003)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Sanctions: OFAC listing",
     "instrument_type": "sanctions_change",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) sanctions_change_register (issue FIM-BASE-SANC-003)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: enforcement-absence",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-004)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: regulatory-failure",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-001)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W12",
   "name": "Correspondent Banking, Settlement & Access",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w12-correspondent-banking-settlement-access",
   "standing_position": "Kansas presents an outsized correspondent-banking access story: a small rural Kansas bank built a global correspondent wire business (wound down in 2020 under an FDIC consent order) now subject to AML enforcement, another rural Kansas bank's 2023 failure exposed dependence on correspondent credit lines for settlement, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City anchors the state's Fed-account settlement access amid a national de-risking backdrop affecting small and foreign-facing institutions.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Correspondent banking access",
     "source": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/cbw-bank-kansas-20m-fdic-penalty-aml-suspicious-activity-lawsuit/736422/",
     "source_url": "https://www.pymnts.com/aml/2025/cbw-says-fdics-20-million-aml-fine-unreasonable/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Correspondent credit line for settlement",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/failed-kansas-bank-rapidly-borrowed-21-million-from-fhlb-system",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/failed-kansas-bank-rapidly-borrowed-21-million-from-fhlb-system",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal Reserve account/settlement access",
     "source": "https://www.kansascityfed.org/banking/",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/failed-kansas-bank-rapidly-borrowed-21-million-from-fhlb-system",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Treasury De-Risking Strategy (2023)",
     "source": "https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/Treasury_AMLA_23_508.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/failed-kansas-bank-rapidly-borrowed-21-million-from-fhlb-system",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W13",
   "name": "Commercial Intelligence & Fintech",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-kansas/#w13-commercial-intelligence-fintech",
   "standing_position": "Within the trailing 12 months, Kansas commercial activity is dominated by continued bank/credit-union consolidation centered on Wichita's Equity Bancshares and Lenexa's CommunityAmerica Credit Union, alongside a major new fintech-employer entrant (Fiserv) establishing a large-scale processing hub in Overland Park.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event: bank M&A",
     "source": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/equity-bank-frontier-kansas-nebraska-122-million-merger/759140/",
     "source_url": "https://www.bankingdive.com/news/equity-bank-frontier-kansas-nebraska-122-million-merger/759140/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event: credit union M&A",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/five-trends-that-shaped-the-credit-union-industry-in-2025",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/five-trends-that-shaped-the-credit-union-industry-in-2025",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event: fintech hub investment/job creation",
     "source": "https://www.kansascommerce.gov/2025/04/governor-kelly-announces-fiserv-to-open-regional-fintech-hub-in-kansas/",
     "source_url": "https://www.kansascommerce.gov/2025/04/governor-kelly-announces-fiserv-to-open-regional-fintech-hub-in-kansas/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}