{
 "jurisdiction_id": "US-IA",
 "jurisdiction": "United States – Iowa",
 "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-11",
 "schema_version": "world-payments-v1",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 14,
  "sourced_findings": 66,
  "source_register": 136
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "W1a",
   "name": "Licensing, Authorisation & Market Access",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w1a-licensing-authorisation-market-access",
   "standing_position": "Iowa regulates money transmission and currency exchange under Iowa Code Chapter 533C, administered by IDOB via NMLS; HF 675 (2023) modernized the Act; national banks now largely outside state licensing scope per 2026 OCC preemption guidance.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statute - Uniform Money Transmission Modernization Act",
     "source": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/ico/chapter/533C.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/ico/chapter/533C.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Legislation - HF 675 (2023)",
     "source": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGE/90/attachments/HF675.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.troutmanfinancialservices.com/2026/06/occ-confirms-national-bank-act-preempts-state-money-transmitter-licensing-for-fidelity-digital-assets/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statute - application requirements",
     "source": "https://law.justia.com/codes/iowa/title-xiii/chapter-533c/section-533c-302/",
     "source_url": "https://suretygroup.com/surety-bond/iowa-money-services-license-bond/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Compliance guidance",
     "source": "https://www.discern.com/resources/iowa-financial-services-compliance",
     "source_url": "https://suretygroup.com/surety-bond/iowa-money-services-license-bond/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Bonding requirement",
     "source": "https://suretygroup.com/surety-bond/iowa-money-services-license-bond/",
     "source_url": "https://suretygroup.com/surety-bond/iowa-money-services-license-bond/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal interpretive letter - preemption",
     "source": "https://www.troutmanfinancialservices.com/2026/06/occ-confirms-national-bank-act-preempts-state-money-transmitter-licensing-for-fidelity-digital-assets/",
     "source_url": "https://suretygroup.com/surety-bond/iowa-money-services-license-bond/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statutory amendment - HF 2262",
     "source": "https://www.discern.com/resources/iowa-financial-services-compliance",
     "source_url": "https://suretygroup.com/surety-bond/iowa-money-services-license-bond/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W1b",
   "name": "Conduct, Safeguarding & Financial Promotions",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w1b-conduct-safeguarding-financial-promotions",
   "standing_position": "Iowa's money-transmission conduct regime sits inside Chapter 533C (permissible investments as a safeguarding proxy, timely-transmission and disclosure duties, payroll-processing disclosures) and is layered with the state's general Consumer Fraud Act (Iowa Code 714.16), enforced by the Attorney General's Consumer Protection Division, for unfair/deceptive practice conduct across financial promotions.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statute - permissible investments/safeguarding",
     "source": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/2020/533C.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/714.16.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statute - conduct provisions",
     "source": "https://law.justia.com/codes/iowa/title-xiii/chapter-533c/",
     "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/714.16.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statute - Iowa Consumer Fraud Act",
     "source": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/714.16.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/714.16.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Case law interpreting CFA",
     "source": "https://www.naag.org/attorney-general-journal/attorney-general-remedies-under-iowa-consumer-fraud-act-are-equitable-not-legal-do-not-require-jury-trial/",
     "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/714.16.pdf",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Regulator authority",
     "source": "https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/about-us/divisions/consumer-protection",
     "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/714.16.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W2",
   "name": "Stablecoins & Digital Money",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w2-stablecoins-digital-money",
   "standing_position": "Iowa treats virtual currency/stablecoins as monetary value under Chapter 533C; SF449 and IDOB guidance govern kiosks; GENIUS Act (July 2025) establishes the overarching federal stablecoin framework.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Regulatory guidance - virtual currency kiosks",
     "source": "https://idob.iowa.gov/media/169/download?inline=",
     "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGI/91/attachments/SF449.html",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statute - digital financial asset kiosks (SF 449)",
     "source": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGI/91/attachments/SF449.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.gibsondunn.com/the-genius-act-a-new-era-of-stablecoin-regulation/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statutory penalty provision",
     "source": "https://www.discern.com/resources/iowa-financial-services-compliance",
     "source_url": "https://www.gibsondunn.com/the-genius-act-a-new-era-of-stablecoin-regulation/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "50-state regulatory review",
     "source": "https://stevenscenter.wharton.upenn.edu/publications-50-state-review/",
     "source_url": "https://www.gibsondunn.com/the-genius-act-a-new-era-of-stablecoin-regulation/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal statute - GENIUS Act",
     "source": "https://www.gibsondunn.com/the-genius-act-a-new-era-of-stablecoin-regulation/",
     "source_url": "https://www.gibsondunn.com/the-genius-act-a-new-era-of-stablecoin-regulation/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Iowa banking-law commentary on GENIUS Act",
     "source": "https://www.dickinsonbradshaw.com/blogs-articles/iowa-banking-law-blog/2025/10/08/acting-like-a-genius-stablecoins-and-navigating-the-future-of-payments",
     "source_url": "https://www.gibsondunn.com/the-genius-act-a-new-era-of-stablecoin-regulation/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W3",
   "name": "Operational Resilience & Critical Infrastructure",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w3-operational-resilience-critical-infrastructure",
   "standing_position": "Iowa's operational-resilience posture for payments rests on general-purpose statutes rather than a payments-specific op-res regime: the Security Breach Notification law (Chapter 715C) governs incident disclosure for financial-account data, the Insurance Data Security Act (Chapter 507F) imposes cybersecurity-event reporting on licensed insurance/financial entities, and IDOB promotes a nonbank Ransomware Self-Assessment Tool (R-SAT) for regulated financial institutions.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statute - Security Breach Notification (Ch. 715C)",
     "source": "https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/for-consumers/security-breach-notifications",
     "source_url": "https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/for-consumers/security-breach-notifications",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statutory summary - breach notification",
     "source": "https://www.dwt.com/gcp/states/iowa",
     "source_url": "https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/for-consumers/security-breach-notifications",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statute - Insurance Data Security Act (Ch. 507F)",
     "source": "https://iid.iowa.gov/regulated-entities/insurance-related/data-cybersecurity",
     "source_url": "https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/for-consumers/security-breach-notifications",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Statutory summary - cybersecurity event reporting",
     "source": "https://www.constangy.com/data-privacy-us-ia",
     "source_url": "https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/for-consumers/security-breach-notifications",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Regulator resource - ransomware self-assessment",
     "source": "https://idob.iowa.gov/",
     "source_url": "https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/for-consumers/security-breach-notifications",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W4",
   "name": "Scheme & Network Compliance",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w4-scheme-network-compliance",
   "standing_position": "Iowa permits credit-card surcharging under card-network rules (Visa/Mastercard disclosure and rate-cap conditions), while debit-card surcharging remains uniformly prohibited nationwide under the federal Durbin Amendment; state government merchant acceptance is separately governed by Iowa Treasurer administrative rules requiring PCI-DSS compliance for state departments accepting cards.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Surcharging law summary",
     "source": "https://www.getflexpoint.com/credit-card-surcharging-us-states/iowa",
     "source_url": "https://www.getflexpoint.com/credit-card-surcharging-us-states/iowa",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal/network rule interaction",
     "source": "https://ebizcharge.com/blog/credit-card-surcharging-a-state-by-state-legal-analysis/",
     "source_url": "https://www.getflexpoint.com/credit-card-surcharging-us-states/iowa",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Administrative rule - state merchant card acceptance",
     "source": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/iac/chapter/01-21-2026.781.8.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.getflexpoint.com/credit-card-surcharging-us-states/iowa",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Surcharge law state comparison",
     "source": "https://merchantcostconsulting.com/lower-credit-card-processing-fees/credit-card-surcharge-laws-by-state/",
     "source_url": "https://www.getflexpoint.com/credit-card-surcharging-us-states/iowa",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W5",
   "name": "Payment Corridor Dynamics",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w5-payment-corridor-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "Iowa's payment-corridor exposure is dominated by domestic instant-payments build-out: numerous Iowa community banks and credit unions have adopted the Federal Reserve's FedNow Service (several as early adopters), supported by Iowa-based rail/infrastructure providers SHAZAM (debit network/core processing) and Dwolla (ACH/RTP/FedNow API platform), with Bankers' Bank providing correspondent settlement services.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Instant-payments rail adoption",
     "source": "https://bankersbank.com/2023/10/westside-state-bank-launches-new-fednow-service-for-instant-payments-through-shazam/",
     "source_url": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/banking/learn/banks-that-use-fednow",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "FedNow participant list",
     "source": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/banking/learn/banks-that-use-fednow",
     "source_url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/other20260408a.htm",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal Reserve proposal - cross-border FedNow",
     "source": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/other20260408a.htm",
     "source_url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/other20260408a.htm",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Domestic payments rail platform",
     "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwolla",
     "source_url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/other20260408a.htm",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W6",
   "name": "Industry Structure & Commercial Dynamics",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w6-industry-structure-commercial-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "Iowa's payments industry structure blends a dense community-bank/credit-union base (regulated by IDOB and the Division of Credit Unions, both under the Dept. of Insurance and Financial Services since a 2023 reorganization) with a cluster of homegrown fintechs and payments infrastructure providers -- Dwolla, VizyPay, SHAZAM, and the Curql credit-union fintech investment collective -- headquartered in the Des Moines metro.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Regulator structure",
     "source": "https://creditunions.iowa.gov/about",
     "source_url": "https://curql.com/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Private fintech company profile",
     "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwolla",
     "source_url": "https://curql.com/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Private merchant-acquiring company profile",
     "source": "https://www.forbes.com/companies/vizypay/",
     "source_url": "https://curql.com/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Credit union fintech investment collective",
     "source": "https://curql.com/",
     "source_url": "https://curql.com/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "ISO sponsor-bank relationship",
     "source": "https://www.linkedin.com/company/vizypay",
     "source_url": "https://curql.com/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W7",
   "name": "Legal & Litigation",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w7-legal-litigation",
   "standing_position": "Most material live Iowa payments litigation is Hiscox Insurance Co. v. Dwolla, Inc. ($6.8M coverage dispute); a second development is the 2026 OCC preemption ruling challenging IDOB's supervisory authority.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal court order - insurance coverage dispute",
     "source": "https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/us/news/legal-insights/hiscox-ordered-to-disclose-documents-in-iowa-coverage-battle-over-payment-fraud-556288.aspx",
     "source_url": "https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/us/news/legal-insights/hiscox-ordered-to-disclose-documents-in-iowa-coverage-battle-over-payment-fraud-556288.aspx",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal court ruling detail",
     "source": "https://beinsure.com/news/hiscox-ordered-to-release-records-in-6-8m/",
     "source_url": "https://www.troutmanfinancialservices.com/2026/06/occ-confirms-national-bank-act-preempts-state-money-transmitter-licensing-for-fidelity-digital-assets/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal preemption dispute with Iowa regulator",
     "source": "https://www.troutmanfinancialservices.com/2026/06/occ-confirms-national-bank-act-preempts-state-money-transmitter-licensing-for-fidelity-digital-assets/",
     "source_url": "https://www.troutmanfinancialservices.com/2026/06/occ-confirms-national-bank-act-preempts-state-money-transmitter-licensing-for-fidelity-digital-assets/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Securities enforcement action",
     "source": "https://www.discern.com/resources/iowa-financial-services-compliance",
     "source_url": "https://www.troutmanfinancialservices.com/2026/06/occ-confirms-national-bank-act-preempts-state-money-transmitter-licensing-for-fidelity-digital-assets/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W8",
   "name": "Merchant Acquiring & Risk",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w8-merchant-acquiring-risk",
   "standing_position": "Merchant acquiring in Iowa operates through the standard US ISO/sponsor-bank model (exemplified by VizyPay as an ISO of Pathward, N.A.), with surcharging permitted as a fee-offset tool for small/rural merchants, and state-government merchant acceptance separately bound by PCI-DSS compliance under Iowa Treasurer administrative rules.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Merchant acquiring / cash-discount model",
     "source": "https://www.forbes.com/companies/vizypay/",
     "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/company/vizypay",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Merchant fee pass-through mechanics",
     "source": "https://www.getflexpoint.com/credit-card-surcharging-us-states/iowa",
     "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/company/vizypay",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "PCI-DSS / merchant onboarding rule (state acceptance)",
     "source": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/iac/chapter/01-21-2026.781.8.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/company/vizypay",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Merchant-risk / consumer complaint record",
     "source": "https://www.bbb.org/us/ia/waukee/profile/payment-processing-services/vizypay-0664-32099389",
     "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/company/vizypay",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W9",
   "name": "Product Innovation & Market Development",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w9-product-innovation-market-development",
   "standing_position": "Iowa's payments product innovation centers on instant-payments rollout (FedNow and RTP adoption via Dwolla and SHAZAM-linked community banks), an emerging state-sanctioned digital-asset kiosk framework (SF 449), and early credit-union stablecoin/digital-asset infrastructure investment through the Curql collective's stake in Stablecore.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Instant payments product showcase",
     "source": "https://www.zoominfo.com/c/dwolla-inc/353617880",
     "source_url": "https://curql.com/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Credit union digital-asset infrastructure investment",
     "source": "https://curql.com/",
     "source_url": "https://www.frbservices.org/news/fed360/issues/071625/fednow-service-two-years-growth-innovation",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "New product-enabling statute (kiosks)",
     "source": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGI/91/attachments/SF449.html",
     "source_url": "https://www.frbservices.org/news/fed360/issues/071625/fednow-service-two-years-growth-innovation",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Instant-payments ecosystem growth",
     "source": "https://www.frbservices.org/news/fed360/issues/071625/fednow-service-two-years-growth-innovation",
     "source_url": "https://www.frbservices.org/news/fed360/issues/071625/fednow-service-two-years-growth-innovation",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W10",
   "name": "Consumer Protection & APP Fraud",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w10-consumer-protection-app-fraud",
   "standing_position": "Iowa lacks a UK/PSR-style mandatory APP-fraud reimbursement scheme; consumer protection against scams and fraud runs through the Attorney General's Consumer Fraud Act enforcement and a 2026 joint \"Stop the Scammers\" initiative between the AG's office, the Iowa Insurance Division's Fraud Bureau, and AARP Iowa, which has generated active investigations.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "State fraud-prevention initiative",
     "source": "https://iowafraudfighters.gov/2026/07/02/2026-stop-the-scammers-tour-concludes-after-sparking-19-fraud-investigations/",
     "source_url": "https://iowafraudfighters.gov/2026/07/02/2026-stop-the-scammers-tour-concludes-after-sparking-19-fraud-investigations/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Cross-agency fraud coordination",
     "source": "https://iowafraudfighters.gov/2026/07/02/2026-stop-the-scammers-tour-concludes-after-sparking-19-fraud-investigations/",
     "source_url": "https://iowafraudfighters.gov/2026/07/02/2026-stop-the-scammers-tour-concludes-after-sparking-19-fraud-investigations/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Consumer fraud/APP-scam guidance",
     "source": "https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/for-consumers/general-consumer-information/fraud-scams",
     "source_url": "https://iowafraudfighters.gov/2026/07/02/2026-stop-the-scammers-tour-concludes-after-sparking-19-fraud-investigations/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Consumer fraud enforcement statute",
     "source": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/714.16.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://iowafraudfighters.gov/2026/07/02/2026-stop-the-scammers-tour-concludes-after-sparking-19-fraud-investigations/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W11",
   "name": "AML/CFT & Financial Crime",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w11-aml-cft-financial-crime",
   "standing_position": "Sentinel.gi-fed payments-context position: Iowa money transmitters and virtual-currency businesses must register with FinCEN as money services businesses and maintain BSA/AML programs (CTR/SAR filing, designated compliance officer, training), layered under Iowa Code 533C's own money-laundering-report provisions (533C.506/533C.605); no original illicit-finance analysis performed here per WPM/FIM scope separation.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Federal AML criminal exposure (Sentinel-fed)",
     "source": "sentinel.discern.com/resources/iowa-financial-services-compliance",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Iowa AML/CTF oversight is federally anchored: money transmitters/MSBs register with FinCEN and license under Iowa Code ch. 533C via the Iowa Division of Banking; beneficial ownership transparency runs through the federal Corporate Transparency Act (now largely inoperative for domestic entities). Iowa layered a 2025 crypto-ATM consumer-protection statute atop this framework after aggressive Attorney General litigation against kiosk operators.",
     "instrument_type": "assessment",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) per-JID baseline profile — United States — Iowa",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: sourcing-thinness",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-004)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: capacity-deficit",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-001)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Sanctions: OFAC listing",
     "instrument_type": "sanctions_change",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) sanctions_change_register (issue FIM-BASE-SANC-001)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Enforcement: OFAC — DPRK IT-worker scheme facilitators (six individuals, two entities)",
     "instrument_type": "enforcement_action",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) enforcement_action_register (issue FIM-BASE-ENF-004)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: legal-gap",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-002)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W12",
   "name": "Correspondent Banking, Settlement & Access",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w12-correspondent-banking-settlement-access",
   "standing_position": "Iowa community banks rely heavily on correspondent settlement relationships (e.g., Bankers' Bank) and Iowa-based infrastructure providers (SHAZAM) to access Federal Reserve settlement rails including FedNow, with the Fed's 2026 proposal to permit intermediary/correspondent use on FedNow directly relevant to cross-border settlement access for Iowa-headquartered institutions.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Correspondent settlement access",
     "source": "https://bankersbank.com/2023/10/westside-state-bank-launches-new-fednow-service-for-instant-payments-through-shazam/",
     "source_url": "https://bankersbank.com/2023/10/westside-state-bank-launches-new-fednow-service-for-instant-payments-through-shazam/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Correspondent/respondent settlement mechanics",
     "source": "https://www.aciworldwide.com/fednow",
     "source_url": "https://bankersbank.com/2023/10/westside-state-bank-launches-new-fednow-service-for-instant-payments-through-shazam/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Correspondent banking access - cross-border proposal",
     "source": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/other20260408a.htm",
     "source_url": "https://bankersbank.com/2023/10/westside-state-bank-launches-new-fednow-service-for-instant-payments-through-shazam/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Correspondent net send limits",
     "source": "https://www.frbservices.org/news/fed360/issues/071625/fednow-service-two-years-growth-innovation",
     "source_url": "https://bankersbank.com/2023/10/westside-state-bank-launches-new-fednow-service-for-instant-payments-through-shazam/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W13",
   "name": "Commercial Intelligence & Fintech",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-iowa/#w13-commercial-intelligence-fintech",
   "standing_position": "Trailing-12-month Iowa commercial activity dominated by Dwolla's acquisition by Network Merchants (May 2026) following its Money20/20 showcase (October 2025), against the Hiscox v. Dwolla litigation backdrop.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event - M&A",
     "source": "https://tracxn.com/d/companies/dwolla/__dTMM9veGG_0y6VAt6ucIwY7sZSJjpAeHqAsgOHSwJvM",
     "source_url": "https://tracxn.com/d/companies/dwolla/__dTMM9veGG_0y6VAt6ucIwY7sZSJjpAeHqAsgOHSwJvM",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event - product launch",
     "source": "https://www.zoominfo.com/c/dwolla-inc/353617880",
     "source_url": "https://www.zoominfo.com/c/dwolla-inc/353617880",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event - litigation outcome affecting payments firm",
     "source": "https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/us/news/legal-insights/hiscox-ordered-to-disclose-documents-in-iowa-coverage-battle-over-payment-fraud-556288.aspx",
     "source_url": "https://www.zoominfo.com/c/dwolla-inc/353617880",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}