{
 "jurisdiction_id": "US-DC",
 "jurisdiction": "United States – District of Columbia",
 "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-11",
 "schema_version": "world-payments-v1",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 14,
  "sourced_findings": 68,
  "source_register": 161
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "W1a",
   "name": "Licensing, Authorisation & Market Access",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w1a-licensing-authorisation-market-access",
   "standing_position": "DC regulates payments licensing through DISB under the Money Transmitters Act of 2000 (DC Code Ch.26-10), a bank-vs-nonbank dual structure typical of the US state model, with DISB also chartering DC banks/trust companies; crypto/virtual-currency activity is explicitly captured as money transmission.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute (DC Money Transmitters Act of 2000)",
     "source": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/26-1001",
     "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/26-1001",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "regulatory financial threshold",
     "source": "https://disb.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/disb/publication/attachments/non_dep_initial_lic_inst_4_14_05_corrected.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/disb/publication/attachments/non_dep_initial_lic_inst_4_14_05_corrected.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "surety bond requirement",
     "source": "https://suretygroup.com/surety-bond/district-of-columbia-money-transmitter-bond/",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/disb/page_content/attachments/bulletin-disb-cryptocurrency-money-transmission-approved.pdf",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "supervisory bulletin (22-BB-001-08/04)",
     "source": "https://disb.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/disb/page_content/attachments/bulletin-disb-cryptocurrency-money-transmission-approved.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/sponsored/why-washington-dc-should-be-the-first-tap-for-fintech/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "market access event",
     "source": "https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/sponsored/why-washington-dc-should-be-the-first-tap-for-fintech/",
     "source_url": "https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/sponsored/why-washington-dc-should-be-the-first-tap-for-fintech/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "bank charter regime",
     "source": "https://disb.dc.gov/page/banking-licensing-requirements-fintech-companies",
     "source_url": "https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/sponsored/why-washington-dc-should-be-the-first-tap-for-fintech/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W1b",
   "name": "Conduct, Safeguarding & Financial Promotions",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w1b-conduct-safeguarding-financial-promotions",
   "standing_position": "DC's conduct/safeguarding regime rests on MTA bonding/net-worth requirements plus the general Consumer Protection Procedures Act (CPPA); DISB's Enforcement and Consumer Protection Division investigates conduct violations, and the OAG has begun actively litigating conduct failures (safeguards, fee disclosure, unlicensed activity) against digital-asset kiosk operators.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "safeguarding mechanism (surety bond)",
     "source": "https://suretygroup.com/surety-bond/district-of-columbia-money-transmitter-bond/",
     "source_url": "https://suretygroup.com/surety-bond/district-of-columbia-money-transmitter-bond/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "fee-disclosure conduct rule (Check Cashers Act)",
     "source": "https://disb.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/disb/publication/attachments/non_dep_initial_lic_inst_4_14_05_corrected.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://oag.dc.gov/release/attorney-general-schwalb-sues-crypto-atm-operator",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "supervisory enforcement unit",
     "source": "https://disb.dc.gov/page/disb-divisions",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/disb/publication/attachments/non_dep_initial_lic_inst_4_14_05_corrected.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute (CPPA)",
     "source": "https://oag.dc.gov/consumer-protection/other-consumer-help-agencies-and-websites/submit-consumer-complaint/district-columbia-consumer-protection-laws",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/disb/publication/attachments/non_dep_initial_lic_inst_4_14_05_corrected.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "enforcement action",
     "source": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/ajdhaliwal/2026/03/10/state-enforcement-is-defining-the-rules-for-digital-asset-companies/",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/disb/publication/attachments/non_dep_initial_lic_inst_4_14_05_corrected.pdf",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W2",
   "name": "Stablecoins & Digital Money",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w2-stablecoins-digital-money",
   "standing_position": "DC has no bespoke stablecoin statute; digital-asset activity is captured under the existing Money Transmitters Act (per the 2022 DISB bulletin and the Harmon precedent), overlaid by the new federal GENIUS Act framework and pending FinCEN/OFAC AML rulemaking for stablecoin issuers.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "federal statute (GENIUS Act)",
     "source": "https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/four-questions-and-expert-answers-on-the-new-us-cryptocurrency-legislation/",
     "source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/07/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-signs-genius-act-into-law/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "supervisory bulletin",
     "source": "https://www.consumerfinancemonitor.com/2022/08/25/d-c-department-of-insurance-securities-and-banking-issues-bulletin-on-money-transmission/",
     "source_url": "https://www.consumerfinancemonitor.com/2022/08/25/d-c-department-of-insurance-securities-and-banking-issues-bulletin-on-money-transmission/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "case law underpinning",
     "source": "https://www.consumerfinancemonitor.com/2022/08/25/d-c-department-of-insurance-securities-and-banking-issues-bulletin-on-money-transmission/",
     "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/10/2026-06963/permitted-payment-stablecoin-issuer-anti-money-launderingcountering-the-financing-of-terrorism",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "proposed federal rule",
     "source": "https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/advisories/2026/04/implementing-the-genius-act-fincen-and-ofac-propose",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/disb/page_content/attachments/bulletin-disb-cryptocurrency-money-transmission-approved.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "pending federal legislation (CLARITY Act)",
     "source": "https://technical.ly/civics/stablecoins-crypto-regulation-midterm-elections/",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/disb/page_content/attachments/bulletin-disb-cryptocurrency-money-transmission-approved.pdf",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W3",
   "name": "Operational Resilience & Critical Infrastructure",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w3-operational-resilience-critical-infrastructure",
   "standing_position": "DC has no standalone operational-resilience statute; DC-chartered banks and DISB-licensed nonbanks fall under the federal interagency cybersecurity/operational-resilience framework (OCC/FDIC/Federal Reserve), with DISB coordinating examinations jointly with federal regulators.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "federal incident-notification rule",
     "source": "https://www.fdic.gov/banker-resource-center/information-technology-it-and-cybersecurity",
     "source_url": "https://www.fdic.gov/banker-resource-center/information-technology-it-and-cybersecurity",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "supervisory guidance",
     "source": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/supervisionreg/cybersecurity-and-operational-resilience.htm",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/page/examination-reports",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "examination coordination",
     "source": "https://disb.dc.gov/page/examination-reports",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/page/examination-reports",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "interagency resilience guidance",
     "source": "https://www.fdic.gov/banker-resource-center/information-technology-it-and-cybersecurity",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/page/examination-reports",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W4",
   "name": "Scheme & Network Compliance",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w4-scheme-network-compliance",
   "standing_position": "DC allows card surcharging under disclosure rules enforced via the CPPA; a swipe-fee/interchange restriction bill has been introduced in the DC Council (following the Fair SWIPE coalition model) but is not yet enacted, while federal Durbin Amendment debit-interchange rules and PCI DSS apply nationally.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "federal statute (Durbin Amendment / Reg II)",
     "source": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=%28title%3A15+section%3A1693o-2+edition%3Aprelim%29",
     "source_url": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=%28title%3A15+section%3A1693o-2+edition%3Aprelim%29",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "pending DC Council bill",
     "source": "https://www.paymentsjournal.com/d-c-may-experiment-with-swipe-fee-limits/",
     "source_url": "https://www.paymentsjournal.com/d-c-may-experiment-with-swipe-fee-limits/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "enforcement/disclosure interpretation",
     "source": "https://wusa9.com/article/news/investigations/initiative82-resturant-fees-credit-card-surcharges-clydes-travelers-united-resturant-association-of-metropolitan-washington-ramw/65-b72f69eb-94f8-4eb0-9f0f-7d50ca7313b0",
     "source_url": "https://www.occ.treas.gov/publications-and-resources/publications/comptrollers-handbook/files/merchant-processing/pub-ch-merchant-processing.pdf",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "scheme technical standard (PCI DSS)",
     "source": "https://www.occ.treas.gov/publications-and-resources/publications/comptrollers-handbook/files/merchant-processing/pub-ch-merchant-processing.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.occ.treas.gov/publications-and-resources/publications/comptrollers-handbook/files/merchant-processing/pub-ch-merchant-processing.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "market practice",
     "source": "https://www.getflexpoint.com/credit-card-surcharging-us-states/washington-dc-district-of-columbia",
     "source_url": "https://www.occ.treas.gov/publications-and-resources/publications/comptrollers-handbook/files/merchant-processing/pub-ch-merchant-processing.pdf",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W5",
   "name": "Payment Corridor Dynamics",
   "confidence": "Possible",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w5-payment-corridor-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "DC has no independent corridor/rail regulatory authority; cross-border and remittance activity in the District is governed by federal payment-system infrastructure (Fedwire, ACH, SWIFT), with DC functioning primarily as a policy/licensing gateway (e.g., for cross-border fintechs) rather than an operator of its own corridor rails.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "market entry / corridor operator",
     "source": "https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/sponsored/why-washington-dc-should-be-the-first-tap-for-fintech/",
     "source_url": "https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/sponsored/why-washington-dc-should-be-the-first-tap-for-fintech/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "cross-border messaging infrastructure",
     "source": "https://disb.dc.gov/page/financial-industry-regulatory-authorities",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/page/financial-industry-regulatory-authorities",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W6",
   "name": "Industry Structure & Commercial Dynamics",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w6-industry-structure-commercial-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "DC hosts a mid-sized but policy-dense fintech/payments cluster (214 active fintech companies, ~12% of the local startup base) alongside major national financial-infrastructure bodies headquartered in the District (ABA, FINRA, Fannie Mae), with 2025 fintech equity funding down sharply year-on-year.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "market structure data",
     "source": "https://tracxn.com/d/explore/fintech-startups-in-washington-dc-united-states/__fmqUw3UmZKUObvWxTfLWBfMREJrJ7pvugaHNaB3ZHfU#top-companies",
     "source_url": "https://tracxn.com/d/explore/fintech-startups-in-washington-dc-united-states/__fmqUw3UmZKUObvWxTfLWBfMREJrJ7pvugaHNaB3ZHfU#top-companies",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "M&A/exit activity",
     "source": "https://tracxn.com/d/explore/fintech-startups-in-washington-dc-united-states/__fmqUw3UmZKUObvWxTfLWBfMREJrJ7pvugaHNaB3ZHfU#top-companies",
     "source_url": "https://builtin.com/companies/location/washington-dc/type/fintech-companies",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "sector composition",
     "source": "https://growthlist.co/washington-dc-startups/",
     "source_url": "https://builtin.com/companies/location/washington-dc/type/fintech-companies",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "funding trend",
     "source": "https://tracxn.com/d/explore/fintech-startups-in-washington-dc-united-states/__fmqUw3UmZKUObvWxTfLWBfMREJrJ7pvugaHNaB3ZHfU#top-companies",
     "source_url": "https://builtin.com/companies/location/washington-dc/type/fintech-companies",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "industry-body headquarters",
     "source": "https://builtin.com/companies/location/washington-dc/type/fintech-companies",
     "source_url": "https://builtin.com/companies/location/washington-dc/type/fintech-companies",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W7",
   "name": "Legal & Litigation",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w7-legal-litigation",
   "standing_position": "DC's OAG has become an active payments/fintech litigator, pursuing both digital-asset kiosk operators (Athena Bitcoin) and earned-wage-access providers (EarnIn) under the CPPA and MTA, building on the foundational Harmon crypto-money-transmission precedent, while the OAG's Office of Consumer Protection has recovered over $125M since 2015.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "litigation",
     "source": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/ajdhaliwal/2026/03/10/state-enforcement-is-defining-the-rules-for-digital-asset-companies/",
     "source_url": "https://oag.dc.gov/release/attorney-general-schwalb-sues-crypto-atm-operator",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "litigation",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/payments/news/why-earnins-d-c-court-win-is-a-victory-for-all-ewa-fintechs",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/payments/news/why-earnins-d-c-court-win-is-a-victory-for-all-ewa-fintechs",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "appellate ruling",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/payments/news/why-earnins-d-c-court-win-is-a-victory-for-all-ewa-fintechs",
     "source_url": "https://oag.dc.gov/release/office-attorney-generals-consumer-protection",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "foundational case law",
     "source": "https://www.consumerfinancemonitor.com/2022/08/25/d-c-department-of-insurance-securities-and-banking-issues-bulletin-on-money-transmission/",
     "source_url": "https://oag.dc.gov/release/office-attorney-generals-consumer-protection",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "enforcement track record",
     "source": "https://oag.dc.gov/release/office-attorney-generals-consumer-protection",
     "source_url": "https://oag.dc.gov/release/office-attorney-generals-consumer-protection",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "annual enforcement report",
     "source": "https://www.washingtoninformer.com/dc-oag-legal-defense-savings/",
     "source_url": "https://oag.dc.gov/release/office-attorney-generals-consumer-protection",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W8",
   "name": "Merchant Acquiring & Risk",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w8-merchant-acquiring-risk",
   "standing_position": "DC merchant acquiring operates under the national OCC/FDIC merchant-processing risk-management framework (card-network MATCH/high-risk-merchant monitoring, chargeback liability rules) with DC's own contribution being CPPA-based surcharge-disclosure enforcement and an active DC Council debate over interchange/surcharge structuring.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "federal supervisory handbook",
     "source": "https://www.occ.treas.gov/publications-and-resources/publications/comptrollers-handbook/files/merchant-processing/pub-ch-merchant-processing.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.occ.treas.gov/publications-and-resources/publications/comptrollers-handbook/files/merchant-processing/pub-ch-merchant-processing.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "high-risk merchant guidance",
     "source": "https://www.fdic.gov/news/financial-institution-letters/2012/fil12003.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://blog.basistheory.com/high-risk-merchant",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "card-scheme monitoring program",
     "source": "https://blog.basistheory.com/high-risk-merchant",
     "source_url": "https://blog.basistheory.com/high-risk-merchant",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "consumer-protection disclosure enforcement",
     "source": "https://wusa9.com/article/news/investigations/initiative82-resturant-fees-credit-card-surcharges-clydes-travelers-united-resturant-association-of-metropolitan-washington-ramw/65-b72f69eb-94f8-4eb0-9f0f-7d50ca7313b0",
     "source_url": "https://blog.basistheory.com/high-risk-merchant",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "pending regulatory constraint",
     "source": "https://www.paymentsjournal.com/d-c-may-experiment-with-swipe-fee-limits/",
     "source_url": "https://blog.basistheory.com/high-risk-merchant",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W9",
   "name": "Product Innovation & Market Development",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w9-product-innovation-market-development",
   "standing_position": "DISB's Office of Innovation and the DC BizCAP program actively position DC as a regulated fintech/regtech hub, hosting the annual DC Fintech Summit; the pending federal Reserve 'Payment Account' initiative (triggered by a May 2026 Executive Order) is a major forthcoming access-innovation development directly relevant to DC-based/DC-regulated payments firms.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "innovation office",
     "source": "https://disb.dc.gov/innovation",
     "source_url": "https://disb.dc.gov/innovation",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "capital-access program",
     "source": "https://disb.dc.gov/page/dc-bizcap-innovation-finance-program-0",
     "source_url": "https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/insights/publications/2026/05/federal-reserve-access-for-fintechs-executive-order-and-federal-reserve-payment-account-proposal-signal-potential-new-era-for-fintech-payment-access",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "innovation event",
     "source": "https://www.dctav.co/blog-posts/2nd-annual-dc-fintech-summit-2025",
     "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvRHbB3KCAs",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "pending federal initiative",
     "source": "https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/insights/publications/2026/05/federal-reserve-access-for-fintechs-executive-order-and-federal-reserve-payment-account-proposal-signal-potential-new-era-for-fintech-payment-access",
     "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvRHbB3KCAs",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "market development signal",
     "source": "https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/sponsored/why-washington-dc-should-be-the-first-tap-for-fintech/",
     "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvRHbB3KCAs",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W10",
   "name": "Consumer Protection & APP Fraud",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w10-consumer-protection-app-fraud",
   "standing_position": "DC consumer protection rests on the CPPA (private right of action, treble damages) and the Security Breach Protection Amendment Act (AG notification, 18-month ID-theft-protection mandate); DISB's Consumer Services Division and OAG's Office of Consumer Protection provide complaint/mediation channels, with the EarnIn and Athena Bitcoin cases illustrating live APP-fraud/predatory-product enforcement.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute (CPPA)",
     "source": "https://oag.dc.gov/consumer-protection/other-consumer-help-agencies-and-websites/submit-consumer-complaint/district-columbia-consumer-protection-laws",
     "source_url": "https://oag.dc.gov/consumer-protection/other-consumer-help-agencies-and-websites/submit-consumer-complaint/district-columbia-consumer-protection-laws",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute (Security Breach Protection Amendment Act)",
     "source": "https://www.dwt.com/blogs/privacy--security-law-blog/2020/05/washington-dc-new-data-breach-notification-law",
     "source_url": "https://www.dwt.com/blogs/privacy--security-law-blog/2020/05/washington-dc-new-data-breach-notification-law",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "consumer complaint channel",
     "source": "https://disb.dc.gov/page/consumer-services-division",
     "source_url": "https://www.dwt.com/blogs/privacy--security-law-blog/2020/05/washington-dc-new-data-breach-notification-law",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "enforcement track record",
     "source": "https://oag.dc.gov/release/office-attorney-generals-consumer-protection",
     "source_url": "https://www.dwt.com/blogs/privacy--security-law-blog/2020/05/washington-dc-new-data-breach-notification-law",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "APP/predatory-product litigation",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/payments/news/why-earnins-d-c-court-win-is-a-victory-for-all-ewa-fintechs",
     "source_url": "https://www.dwt.com/blogs/privacy--security-law-blog/2020/05/washington-dc-new-data-breach-notification-law",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W11",
   "name": "AML/CFT & Financial Crime",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w11-aml-cft-financial-crime",
   "standing_position": "DC-licensed money transmitters/MSBs sit under the federal BSA/FinCEN AML/CFT regime (registration, SAR filing, recordkeeping); the Sentinel payments-context posture for this baseline reflects the current federal enforcement stance — a DOJ shift away from crypto 'regulation by prosecution' alongside FinCEN's active MSB-focused BSA enforcement and pending AML/CFT program reform (including GENIUS Act stablecoin issuer rules).",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "federal AML enforcement operation",
     "source": "sentinel.fincen-msb-border-operation-2025",
     "source_url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0344",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "proposed federal rule",
     "source": "sentinel.fincen-amlcft-reform-2026",
     "source_url": "https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-proposes-rule-fundamentally-reform-financial-institution-programs",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "DOJ enforcement policy shift",
     "source": "sentinel.doj-regulation-by-prosecution-2025",
     "source_url": "https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/doj-announces-policy-ending-regulation-prosecution-digital-assets",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "proposed stablecoin AML program",
     "source": "sentinel.genius-act-amlcft-2026",
     "source_url": "https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/advisories/2026/04/implementing-the-genius-act-fincen-and-ofac-propose",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "MSB federal registration linkage",
     "source": "sentinel.dc-msb-fincen-registration",
     "source_url": "https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/advisories/2026/04/implementing-the-genius-act-fincen-and-ofac-propose",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W12",
   "name": "Correspondent Banking, Settlement & Access",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w12-correspondent-banking-settlement-access",
   "standing_position": "The Federal Reserve Board — headquartered in DC — is actively re-architecting nonbank/fintech access to central-bank settlement rails via a proposed 'Payment Account' (narrower than a full Master Account, no ACH, no correspondent/respondent role, capped balances), triggered by a May 2026 Executive Order, with unresolved AML/BSA concerns raised in Governor Barr's dissent.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "central bank location/infrastructure",
     "source": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/master-account-and-services-database-existing-access.htm",
     "source_url": "https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/insights/publications/2026/05/federal-reserve-access-for-fintechs-executive-order-and-federal-reserve-payment-account-proposal-signal-potential-new-era-for-fintech-payment-access",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "executive order",
     "source": "https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/insights/publications/2026/05/federal-reserve-access-for-fintechs-executive-order-and-federal-reserve-payment-account-proposal-signal-potential-new-era-for-fintech-payment-access",
     "source_url": "https://www.dwt.com/blogs/financial-services-law-advisor/2026/01/federal-reserve-proposes-skinny-master-accounts",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "proposed settlement-access instrument",
     "source": "https://www.dwt.com/blogs/financial-services-law-advisor/2026/01/federal-reserve-proposes-skinny-master-accounts",
     "source_url": "https://www.dwt.com/blogs/financial-services-law-advisor/2026/01/federal-reserve-proposes-skinny-master-accounts",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "correspondent banking restriction",
     "source": "https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/insights/publications/2026/05/federal-reserve-access-for-fintechs-executive-order-and-federal-reserve-payment-account-proposal-signal-potential-new-era-for-fintech-payment-access",
     "source_url": "https://www.dwt.com/blogs/financial-services-law-advisor/2026/01/federal-reserve-proposes-skinny-master-accounts",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "dissent / AML concern",
     "source": "https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/insights/publications/2026/05/federal-reserve-access-for-fintechs-executive-order-and-federal-reserve-payment-account-proposal-signal-potential-new-era-for-fintech-payment-access",
     "source_url": "https://www.dwt.com/blogs/financial-services-law-advisor/2026/01/federal-reserve-proposes-skinny-master-accounts",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W13",
   "name": "Commercial Intelligence & Fintech",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-district-of-columbia/#w13-commercial-intelligence-fintech",
   "standing_position": "The trailing-12-month DC commercial picture is dominated by one notable market-entry licensing event (Navro), a sharp YoY decline in local fintech equity funding, and continued OAG enforcement activity against payments/digital-asset firms — offset by DISB's ongoing innovation-hub programming (DC Fintech Summit).",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "market entry / licensing event",
     "source": "https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/sponsored/why-washington-dc-should-be-the-first-tap-for-fintech/",
     "source_url": "https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/sponsored/why-washington-dc-should-be-the-first-tap-for-fintech/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "aggregate funding data",
     "source": "https://tracxn.com/d/explore/fintech-startups-in-washington-dc-united-states/__fmqUw3UmZKUObvWxTfLWBfMREJrJ7pvugaHNaB3ZHfU#top-companies",
     "source_url": "https://tracxn.com/d/explore/fintech-startups-in-washington-dc-united-states/__fmqUw3UmZKUObvWxTfLWBfMREJrJ7pvugaHNaB3ZHfU#top-companies",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "enforcement/litigation event",
     "source": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/ajdhaliwal/2026/03/10/state-enforcement-is-defining-the-rules-for-digital-asset-companies/",
     "source_url": "https://tracxn.com/d/explore/fintech-startups-in-washington-dc-united-states/__fmqUw3UmZKUObvWxTfLWBfMREJrJ7pvugaHNaB3ZHfU#top-companies",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "federal enforcement event",
     "source": "https://www.hudsoncook.com/article/cfpb-files-action-against-fintech-bank-partner-for-alleged-unfair-practices-related-to-record-keeping-of-consumer-funds/",
     "source_url": "https://tracxn.com/d/explore/fintech-startups-in-washington-dc-united-states/__fmqUw3UmZKUObvWxTfLWBfMREJrJ7pvugaHNaB3ZHfU#top-companies",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "industry/product event",
     "source": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvRHbB3KCAs",
     "source_url": "https://tracxn.com/d/explore/fintech-startups-in-washington-dc-united-states/__fmqUw3UmZKUObvWxTfLWBfMREJrJ7pvugaHNaB3ZHfU#top-companies",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}