{
 "jurisdiction_id": "US-AR",
 "jurisdiction": "United States – Arkansas",
 "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-11",
 "schema_version": "world-payments-v1",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 14,
  "sourced_findings": 71,
  "source_register": 172
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "W1a",
   "name": "Licensing, Authorisation & Market Access",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w1a-licensing-authorisation-market-access",
   "standing_position": "Arkansas regulates money transmission and currency exchange under the Uniform Money Services Act (Ark. Code Ann. §23-55-101 et seq.), administered by the Arkansas Securities Department (ASD) via NMLS. The 2023 recodification (Act 442) adopted portions of the CSBS Model Money Transmission Modernization Act covering control, net worth, permissible investments and surety bonds. No separate EMI/PPI charter exists; non-bank money transmitters are licensed, banks/bank holding companies are statutorily excluded.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute",
     "source": "https://securities.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2023-Money-Services-Act.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://securities.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2023-Money-Services-Act.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "licensing_portal",
     "source": "https://securities.arkansas.gov/money-services-2/7678-2/",
     "source_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/214-00-19-Ark-Code-R-001",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "administrative_rule",
     "source": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/214-00-19-Ark-Code-R-001",
     "source_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/214-00-19-Ark-Code-R-001",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "administrative_rule",
     "source": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/214-00-19-Ark-Code-R-001",
     "source_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/214-00-19-Ark-Code-R-001",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "licensing_scope_rule",
     "source": "https://securities.arkansas.gov/money-services-2/",
     "source_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/214-00-19-Ark-Code-R-001",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "legal_analysis",
     "source": "https://www.cooley.com/news/insight/2023/2023-09-12-model-money-transmission-modernization-act-12-states-take-action",
     "source_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/214-00-19-Ark-Code-R-001",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statutory_exclusion",
     "source": "https://securities.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2023-Money-Services-Act.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/214-00-19-Ark-Code-R-001",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W1b",
   "name": "Conduct, Safeguarding & Financial Promotions",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w1b-conduct-safeguarding-financial-promotions",
   "standing_position": "Arkansas Act 347 (HB 1517), signed 20 March 2025, establishes a standalone EWA regulatory regime; providers are deemed not to be lending/money-transmission/debt-collection if compliant. A federal EWA framework bill (Earned Wage Access Consumer Protection Act) advanced out of the House Financial Services Committee on 1 July 2026 (31-23 party-line vote), which if enacted could preempt or reinforce Arkansas's regime.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute",
     "source": "https://securities.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2023-Money-Services-Act.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://securities.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2023-Money-Services-Act.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "administrative_rule",
     "source": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/214-00-19-Ark-Code-R-001",
     "source_url": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/finances/credit-cards/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "administrative_rule",
     "source": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arkansas/214-00-08-Ark-Code-R-SS-001",
     "source_url": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/finances/credit-cards/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "supervisory_practice",
     "source": "https://securities.arkansas.gov/legal/",
     "source_url": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/finances/credit-cards/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "conduct_guidance",
     "source": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/finances/credit-cards/",
     "source_url": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/finances/credit-cards/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "scheme_rule_reference",
     "source": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/finances/credit-cards/",
     "source_url": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/finances/credit-cards/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "conduct_summary",
     "source": "https://merchantcostconsulting.com/lower-credit-card-processing-fees/credit-card-surcharge-laws-by-state/",
     "source_url": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/finances/credit-cards/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W2",
   "name": "Stablecoins & Digital Money",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w2-stablecoins-digital-money",
   "standing_position": "Arkansas has no dedicated state stablecoin or digital-asset-payment issuer regime; digital-asset activity touching money transmission would fall under the existing Money Services Act. State legislative attention since 2023 has concentrated on crypto-mining infrastructure (Act 851/2023, Acts 173-174/2024) rather than payment-stablecoin issuance, with federal GENIUS Act stablecoin standards now the operative national framework layered atop state money-transmitter law.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "state_law_reference",
     "source": "https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/advisories/2025/07/new-stablecoin-legislation-analyzing-the-genius-act",
     "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/394/text",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "federal_statute",
     "source": "https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/advisories/2025/07/new-stablecoin-legislation-analyzing-the-genius-act",
     "source_url": "https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/advisories/2025/07/new-stablecoin-legislation-analyzing-the-genius-act",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute",
     "source": "https://arcounties.org/media/articles/arkansas-lawmakers-address-crypto-mining-nuisances-in-fiscal-session/",
     "source_url": "https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/advisories/2025/07/new-stablecoin-legislation-analyzing-the-genius-act",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "litigation",
     "source": "https://hallboothsmith.com/arkansas-crypto/",
     "source_url": "https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/advisories/2025/07/new-stablecoin-legislation-analyzing-the-genius-act",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W3",
   "name": "Operational Resilience & Critical Infrastructure",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w3-operational-resilience-critical-infrastructure",
   "standing_position": "Arkansas has no bespoke state operational-resilience regime for payment/financial institutions; resilience oversight of the state's 70 state-chartered banks flows through FFIEC-aligned federal examination standards applied jointly by the Arkansas State Bank Department and the FDIC/Federal Reserve. A distinct public-sector cyber-incident reporting statute (Act 260 of 2021) applies to Arkansas government entities, with the 2023 MOVEit breach illustrating third-party critical-infrastructure exposure reaching banks the state interacts with.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "supervisory_framework",
     "source": "https://banking.arkansas.gov/resources/",
     "source_url": "https://banking.arkansas.gov/resources/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute",
     "source": "https://arklegaudit.gov/downloadReport.php?id=SPIS00424",
     "source_url": "https://arklegaudit.gov/downloadReport.php?id=SPIS00424",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "incident_disclosure",
     "source": "https://arklegaudit.gov/downloadReport.php?id=SPIS00424",
     "source_url": "https://arklegaudit.gov/downloadReport.php?id=SPIS00424",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "supervisory_body",
     "source": "https://sas.arkansas.gov/state-technology/cybersecurity/",
     "source_url": "https://arklegaudit.gov/downloadReport.php?id=SPIS00424",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W4",
   "name": "Scheme & Network Compliance",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w4-scheme-network-compliance",
   "standing_position": "Arkansas permits credit card surcharging statewide subject to notice-posting requirements under Ark. Code §4-115-101, layered under nationwide Visa (3%) and Mastercard (4%) surcharge caps. State law separately regulates card-payment acceptance in specific public-sector contexts (courts, local government). PCI DSS applies as a de facto scheme-mandated technical standard without independent state codification.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute",
     "source": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-4/subtitle-7/chapter-115/section-4-115-101/",
     "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-4/subtitle-7/chapter-115/section-4-115-101/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "scheme_rule",
     "source": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/finances/credit-cards/",
     "source_url": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/finances/credit-cards/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute",
     "source": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-14/subtitle-3/chapter-59/section-14-59-119/",
     "source_url": "https://pivitstrategy.com/arkansas-cybersecurity-laws-you-should-know-2026/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "compliance_standard",
     "source": "https://pivitstrategy.com/arkansas-cybersecurity-laws-you-should-know-2026/",
     "source_url": "https://pivitstrategy.com/arkansas-cybersecurity-laws-you-should-know-2026/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "conduct_summary",
     "source": "https://merchantcostconsulting.com/lower-credit-card-processing-fees/arkansas-credit-card-surcharge-laws/",
     "source_url": "https://pivitstrategy.com/arkansas-cybersecurity-laws-you-should-know-2026/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W5",
   "name": "Payment Corridor Dynamics",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w5-payment-corridor-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "Arkansas sits within the Eighth Federal Reserve District (St. Louis, with a Little Rock branch) and has early, partial adoption of the FedNow instant-payments rail among its community banks and credit unions. The state's remittance-corridor exposure runs primarily through the national U.S.-Mexico corridor (the largest global outbound remittance corridor), dominated by Western Union, MoneyGram and the fast-growing Remitly, with digital/crypto-based settlement gaining share.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "settlement_infrastructure",
     "source": "https://banking.arkansas.gov/resources/",
     "source_url": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/banking/learn/banks-that-use-fednow",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "instant_payments_rail",
     "source": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/banking/learn/banks-that-use-fednow",
     "source_url": "https://www.dallasfed.org/banking/pubs/dfb/2025/2504-dunbar-remit",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "corridor_analysis",
     "source": "https://www.dallasfed.org/banking/pubs/dfb/2025/2504-dunbar-remit",
     "source_url": "https://www.dallasfed.org/banking/pubs/dfb/2025/2504-dunbar-remit",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "corridor_context",
     "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remittances_from_the_United_States",
     "source_url": "https://www.dallasfed.org/banking/pubs/dfb/2025/2504-dunbar-remit",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "emerging_rail",
     "source": "https://www.dallasfed.org/banking/pubs/dfb/2025/2504-dunbar-remit",
     "source_url": "https://www.dallasfed.org/banking/pubs/dfb/2025/2504-dunbar-remit",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W6",
   "name": "Industry Structure & Commercial Dynamics",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w6-industry-structure-commercial-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "Arkansas's payments-adjacent industry structure is anchored by 70 state-chartered banks with over $173 billion in aggregate assets, a nationally recognized fintech-accelerator ecosystem centered on Little Rock's Venture Center, and Conway-based Home BancShares as a notable acquisitive bank holding company. FIS Global maintains a large finance-operations presence in central Arkansas.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "market_structure",
     "source": "https://banking.arkansas.gov/",
     "source_url": "https://banking.arkansas.gov/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "market_participant",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/26-people-who-will-change-banking-in-2026",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/26-people-who-will-change-banking-in-2026",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "fintech_ecosystem",
     "source": "https://siteselection.com/a-goldmine-for-startups/",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/26-people-who-will-change-banking-in-2026",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "industry_program",
     "source": "https://talkbusiness.net/2025/05/arkansas-banking-solutions-accelerator-back-for-a-second-year/",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/26-people-who-will-change-banking-in-2026",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "market_participant",
     "source": "https://siteselection.com/a-goldmine-for-startups/",
     "source_url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/26-people-who-will-change-banking-in-2026",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W7",
   "name": "Legal & Litigation",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w7-legal-litigation",
   "standing_position": "Arkansas payments-related litigation and enforcement centers on the Arkansas Securities Department's direct money-transmitter enforcement authority (cease-and-desist actions) and the Attorney General's active Deceptive Trade Practices Act docket, which increasingly touches financial/payments-adjacent data practices. Separately, federal litigation over the state's crypto-mining foreign-ownership provisions remains live on appeal.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "enforcement_action",
     "source": "https://securities.arkansas.gov/legal/",
     "source_url": "https://securities.arkansas.gov/legal/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "litigation",
     "source": "https://arkansasag.gov/news-release/attorney-general-griffin-sues-general-motors-and-onstar-for-deceiving-arkansans-and-unlawfully-selling-data/",
     "source_url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/arkansas-defends-ban-on-foreign-owned-farmland-and-digital-assets/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "multistate_settlement",
     "source": "https://arkansasag.gov/news-release/attorney-general-griffin-announces-104246-settlement-with-wireless-carriers-over-deceptive-and-misleading-advertising-practices/",
     "source_url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/arkansas-defends-ban-on-foreign-owned-farmland-and-digital-assets/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "litigation",
     "source": "https://hallboothsmith.com/arkansas-crypto/",
     "source_url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/arkansas-defends-ban-on-foreign-owned-farmland-and-digital-assets/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "precedent",
     "source": "https://www.ustatesloans.org/law/ar/",
     "source_url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/arkansas-defends-ban-on-foreign-owned-farmland-and-digital-assets/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W8",
   "name": "Merchant Acquiring & Risk",
   "confidence": "Possible",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w8-merchant-acquiring-risk",
   "standing_position": "Arkansas has no state-specific merchant-acquiring or ISO-licensing regime; acquiring risk management (chargeback thresholds, MATCH-list placement, rolling reserves) operates under nationwide card-scheme rules rather than state law, with the Attorney General's Consumer Protection Division serving as the state-level dispute-mediation backstop for merchant/consumer billing complaints.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "dispute_mediation",
     "source": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/consumer-protection/",
     "source_url": "https://www.globallegallawfirm.com/top-challenges-for-high-risk-merchant-services-and-legal-solutions/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "acquiring_risk_framework",
     "source": "https://www.globallegallawfirm.com/top-challenges-for-high-risk-merchant-services-and-legal-solutions/",
     "source_url": "https://www.globallegallawfirm.com/top-challenges-for-high-risk-merchant-services-and-legal-solutions/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W9",
   "name": "Product Innovation & Market Development",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w9-product-innovation-market-development",
   "standing_position": "Product innovation in Arkansas payments is led by the Little Rock fintech-accelerator ecosystem (The Venture Center, Arkansas Banking Solutions Accelerator) and early community-bank adoption of FedNow instant payments. State legislative activity has focused on digital-asset-mining infrastructure rather than payment products directly, while a pending Federal Reserve 'Payment Account' prototype represents a horizon development for non-bank payment-innovator settlement access.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "instant_payments_adoption",
     "source": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/banking/learn/banks-that-use-fednow",
     "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23712/request-for-information-and-comment-on-reserve-bank-payment-account-prototype",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "innovation_ecosystem",
     "source": "https://siteselection.com/a-goldmine-for-startups/",
     "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23712/request-for-information-and-comment-on-reserve-bank-payment-account-prototype",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "accelerator_program",
     "source": "https://talkbusiness.net/2025/05/arkansas-banking-solutions-accelerator-back-for-a-second-year/",
     "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23712/request-for-information-and-comment-on-reserve-bank-payment-account-prototype",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "pending_infrastructure",
     "source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23712/request-for-information-and-comment-on-reserve-bank-payment-account-prototype",
     "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23712/request-for-information-and-comment-on-reserve-bank-payment-account-prototype",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W10",
   "name": "Consumer Protection & APP Fraud",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w10-consumer-protection-app-fraud",
   "standing_position": "Consumer protection in Arkansas rests on the Personal Information Protection Act (breach notification), the newly effective Personal Data Protection Act (data-subject rights, effective July 1, 2025), the constitutional 17% usury cap that forecloses payday-style lending, and an active Attorney General Deceptive Trade Practices docket. No dedicated APP-fraud reimbursement mandate exists; redress relies on federal Reg E, card-network zero-liability rules and the general DTPA.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute",
     "source": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-4/subtitle-7/chapter-110/section-4-110-105/",
     "source_url": "https://www.recordinglaw.com/us-laws/data-privacy-laws/arkansas-data-privacy-laws/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "regulatory_requirement",
     "source": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/identity/security-or-data-breach/",
     "source_url": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/identity/security-or-data-breach/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "statute",
     "source": "https://www.recordinglaw.com/us-laws/data-privacy-laws/arkansas-data-privacy-laws/",
     "source_url": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/identity/security-or-data-breach/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "usury_regime",
     "source": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/finances/payday-lending-check-cashing/",
     "source_url": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/identity/security-or-data-breach/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "enforcement_action",
     "source": "https://arkansasadvocate.com/briefs/arkansas-attorney-general-sues-gm-onstar-for-alleged-deceptive-practices/",
     "source_url": "https://arkansasag.gov/divisions/public-protection/identity/security-or-data-breach/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W11",
   "name": "AML/CFT & Financial Crime",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w11-aml-cft-financial-crime",
   "standing_position": "Sentinel.gi-fed position: Arkansas money transmitters are subject to the standard federal BSA/AML overlay atop state licensing — FinCEN MSB registration and a written, risk-based AML program are mandatory regardless of state license. Recent national FinCEN/DOJ enforcement (unlicensed CVC exchanges, armored-transport MSB facilitation) illustrates the illicit-finance risk vectors intersecting with the money-transmission and cash-logistics channels Arkansas-licensed and Arkansas-adjacent entities operate within.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "enforcement_precedent",
     "source": "sentinel.fincen://www.moneylaunderingnews.com/2025/02/brinks-global-services-faces-major-fines-the-doj-and-fincen-crackdown-on-aml-violations/",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Arkansas operates under the federal BSA/FinCEN/OFAC AML-CFT-CPF regime applied to state-chartered banks (jointly supervised with the Arkansas State Bank Department) and state-licensed money services/securities firms (Arkansas Securities Department). Arkansas is distinct nationally for Act 636 (2023), a state statute restricting foreign-adversary ownership of agricultural land, enforced by the Attorney General independent of federal BO disclosure.",
     "instrument_type": "assessment",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) per-JID baseline profile — United States — Arkansas",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: sourcing-thinness",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-001)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Sanctions: OFAC listing",
     "instrument_type": "sanctions_change",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) sanctions_change_register (issue FIM-BASE-SANC-002)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Enforcement: OFAC — Sinaloa Cartel (Los Chapitos) cash-to-crypto money laundering network",
     "instrument_type": "enforcement_action",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) enforcement_action_register (issue FIM-BASE-ENF-004)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: political-constraint",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-004)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Enforcement: US House Financial Services Committee (chaired by Rep. French Hill, R-AR) — Corporate Transparency Act reporting requirements",
     "instrument_type": "enforcement_action",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) enforcement_action_register (issue FIM-BASE-ENF-002)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: capacity-deficit",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-003)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: regulatory-failure",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-002)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "GENIUS Act PPSI AML/CFT and sanctions rule finalization",
     "instrument_type": "regulatory_horizon",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) regulatory_horizon_register (issue FIM-BASE-HRZ-001)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W12",
   "name": "Correspondent Banking, Settlement & Access",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w12-correspondent-banking-settlement-access",
   "standing_position": "Arkansas's 70 state-chartered banks access Federal Reserve settlement services under the standard dual-banking-system master-account architecture via the Eighth Federal Reserve District. No Arkansas-specific correspondent-banking regulation exists beyond the federal BSA/CDD framework; national de-risking pressure and a pending Fed 'Payment Account' prototype are the operative horizon dynamics for correspondent/settlement access relevant to the state's institutions.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "settlement_access",
     "source": "https://banking.arkansas.gov/about/frequently-asked-questions/",
     "source_url": "https://bpi.com/federal-reserve-payment-accounts-a-primer/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "access_framework",
     "source": "https://bpi.com/federal-reserve-payment-accounts-a-primer/",
     "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23712/request-for-information-and-comment-on-reserve-bank-payment-account-prototype",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "pending_infrastructure",
     "source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23712/request-for-information-and-comment-on-reserve-bank-payment-account-prototype",
     "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF10873",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "policy_analysis",
     "source": "https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF10873",
     "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF10873",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W13",
   "name": "Commercial Intelligence & Fintech",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/united-states-arkansas/#w13-commercial-intelligence-fintech",
   "standing_position": "The trailing-12-month window (July 2025-July 2026) shows continued Arkansas bank-sector consolidation activity — most notably the pending Huntington Bancshares acquisition of Cadence Bank (which will make Huntington a top-ten Arkansas bank by deposits) and the Farmers Bank/Piggott State Bank multi-state merger forming FM Bank & Trust — alongside continued fintech-accelerator investment activity via The Venture Center's Arkansas Banking Solutions Accelerator.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event",
     "source": "https://ir.huntington.com/news-presentations/press-releases/detail/951/huntington-bancshares-incorporated-to-acquire-cadence-bank",
     "source_url": "https://ir.huntington.com/news-presentations/press-releases/detail/951/huntington-bancshares-incorporated-to-acquire-cadence-bank",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event",
     "source": "https://bankingjournal.aba.com/2025/09/bank-acquisitions-mergers-announced-in-three-states/",
     "source_url": "https://bankingjournal.aba.com/2025/09/bank-acquisitions-mergers-announced-in-three-states/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event",
     "source": "https://www.americanbanker.com/news/26-people-who-will-change-banking-in-2026",
     "source_url": "https://talkbusiness.net/2025/05/arkansas-banking-solutions-accelerator-back-for-a-second-year/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event",
     "source": "https://talkbusiness.net/2025/05/arkansas-banking-solutions-accelerator-back-for-a-second-year/",
     "source_url": "https://talkbusiness.net/2025/05/arkansas-banking-solutions-accelerator-back-for-a-second-year/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-05"
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}