{
 "jurisdiction_id": "TN",
 "jurisdiction": "Tunisia",
 "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/",
 "generator": "render_jid v13.3.0",
 "date_modified": "2026-08-11",
 "schema_version": "world-payments-v1",
 "counts": {
  "modules": 14,
  "sourced_findings": 60,
  "source_register": 150
 },
 "modules": [
  {
   "code": "W1a",
   "name": "Licensing, Authorisation & Market Access",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w1a-licensing-authorisation-market-access",
   "standing_position": "The Central Bank of Tunisia (BCT) governs the payments/e-money space and in 2026 moved from purely permissive fintech oversight to an affirmative branding/technical-standard mandate via Circular No. 2026-132, establishing TUNPAY as the compulsory national mobile-payment identity for all licensed PSPs.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Primary law",
     "source": "https://www.fgdb.gov.tn/storage/79/Loi-n%C2%B0-2016-48-du-11-juillet-2016.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.fgdb.gov.tn/storage/79/Loi-n%C2%B0-2016-48-du-11-juillet-2016.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Regulator circular",
     "source": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/Cir_2018_16_fr.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/Cir_2018_16_fr.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Capital requirement",
     "source": "https://ctici.org.tn/les-mesures-phares-de-la-nouvelle-loi-bancaire.html",
     "source_url": "https://ctici.org.tn/les-mesures-phares-de-la-nouvelle-loi-bancaire.html",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Licensing decision",
     "source": "https://managers.tn/2026/03/16/la-banque-centrale-accorde-une-nouvelle-licence-definitive-detablissement-de-paiement/",
     "source_url": "https://managers.tn/2026/03/16/la-banque-centrale-accorde-une-nouvelle-licence-definitive-detablissement-de-paiement/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Market entry",
     "source": "https://africanmanager.com/oft-tunisie-obtient-lagrement-definitif-de-la-bct-en-tant-quetablissement-de-paiement/",
     "source_url": "https://africanmanager.com/oft-tunisie-obtient-lagrement-definitif-de-la-bct-en-tant-quetablissement-de-paiement/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Sandbox/approval process",
     "source": "https://fintech.bct.gov.tn/en/node",
     "source_url": "https://africanmanager.com/oft-tunisie-obtient-lagrement-definitif-de-la-bct-en-tant-quetablissement-de-paiement/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W1b",
   "name": "Conduct, Safeguarding & Financial Promotions",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w1b-conduct-safeguarding-financial-promotions",
   "standing_position": "Payment institutions' conduct, safeguarding and consumer-protection obligations are set out in BCT Circular 2018-16, which mandates professional liability insurance/bank guarantee cover, tiered payment-account ceilings, a ring-fenced 'compte global' held with a depositary bank, and a dedicated consumer-protection mechanism, alongside a pre-existing banking-mediation regime.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Safeguarding mechanism",
     "source": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/Cir_2018_16_fr.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/Cir_2018_16_fr.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Safeguarding/insurance requirement",
     "source": "https://www.ilboursa.com/marches/les-nouvelles-regles-regissant-lactivite-et-le-fonctionnement-des-etablissements-de-paiement_15621",
     "source_url": "https://www.ilboursa.com/marches/les-nouvelles-regles-regissant-lactivite-et-le-fonctionnement-des-etablissements-de-paiement_15621",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Prudential restriction",
     "source": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/Cir_2018_16_fr.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.bt.com.tn/mediateur",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Conduct/complaints mechanism",
     "source": "https://www.bt.com.tn/mediateur",
     "source_url": "https://www.spendnode.io/crypto-cards/country/tunisia/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Onboarding/KYC",
     "source": "https://www.spendnode.io/crypto-cards/country/tunisia/",
     "source_url": "https://www.spendnode.io/crypto-cards/country/tunisia/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W2",
   "name": "Stablecoins & Digital Money",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w2-stablecoins-digital-money",
   "standing_position": "Tunisia maintains one of the strictest crypto-asset postures in the region: a 2018 BCT directive under currency-control law criminalises unauthorised virtual-currency trading, mining and payments (up to five years' imprisonment), while a draft Code des Changes and parliamentary discussions signal a possible future shift toward a declared-but-restricted or licensed regime. No live CBDC exists; a 2019 reported 'e-dinar'/CBDC launch was denied by the BCT itself.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Directive/ban",
     "source": "https://www.lightspark.com/knowledge/is-crypto-legal-in-tunisia",
     "source_url": "https://www.lightspark.com/knowledge/is-crypto-legal-in-tunisia",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Enforcement/penalty regime",
     "source": "https://aixelles.net/risques-juridiques-des-cryptomonnaies-en-tunisie-guide-complet",
     "source_url": "https://africanmanager.com/change-crypto-monnaie-et-paypal-la-bct-propose-une-liberte-surveillee/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Draft instrument (pending/horizon)",
     "source": "https://africanmanager.com/change-crypto-monnaie-et-paypal-la-bct-propose-une-liberte-surveillee/",
     "source_url": "https://www.spendnode.io/crypto-cards/country/tunisia/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Draft licensing regime (pending/horizon)",
     "source": "https://www.spendnode.io/crypto-cards/country/tunisia/",
     "source_url": "https://www.ledgerinsights.com/universa-clarifies-tunisia-e-dinar-digital-currency/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "CBDC status clarification",
     "source": "https://www.ledgerinsights.com/universa-clarifies-tunisia-e-dinar-digital-currency/",
     "source_url": "https://www.ledgerinsights.com/universa-clarifies-tunisia-e-dinar-digital-currency/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W3",
   "name": "Operational Resilience & Critical Infrastructure",
   "confidence": "Confirmed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w3-operational-resilience-critical-infrastructure",
   "standing_position": "The BCT's payment-systems oversight function (established under Law 2016-35) targets security, stability, soundness and efficiency of national payment systems, complemented by Circular 2018-16 security/business-continuity obligations for payment institutions and a broader national cybersecurity legal framework (Decree-Law 2023-17) covering ICT-security audits and supply-chain risk.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Oversight mandate",
     "source": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/fiche35_a.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/fiche35_a.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Operational resilience requirement",
     "source": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/Cir_2018_16_fr.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/Cir_2018_16_fr.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "National cybersecurity law",
     "source": "https://ncsi.ega.ee/country/tn/",
     "source_url": "https://ncsi.ega.ee/country/tn/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Internal control cross-reference",
     "source": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/Cir_2018_16_fr.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://ncsi.ega.ee/country/tn/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W4",
   "name": "Scheme & Network Compliance",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w4-scheme-network-compliance",
   "standing_position": "Card-scheme rails in Tunisia run through Société Monétique Tunisie (SMT), the national interbank card switch (also referenced as STICPAY), overlaid by international Visa/Mastercard network participation for cross-border cards; a public debate on interchange-fee sovereignty versus Visa/Mastercard has emerged in 2026 alongside SMT's own restructuring.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Scheme dependency/interchange",
     "source": "https://www.tunisienumerique.com/souverainete-financiere-tunisie/",
     "source_url": "https://www.tunisienumerique.com/souverainete-financiere-tunisie/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Domestic card scheme",
     "source": "https://payatlas.com/countries/tunisia-tn",
     "source_url": "https://www.tunisienumerique.com/souverainete-financiere-tunisie/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Network restructuring",
     "source": "https://www.tunisienumerique.com/souverainete-financiere-tunisie/",
     "source_url": "https://www.tunisienumerique.com/souverainete-financiere-tunisie/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W5",
   "name": "Payment Corridor Dynamics",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w5-payment-corridor-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "Tunisia's principal payment corridors are its outbound diaspora remittance flows (~$2.3bn/year from France, Italy, Germany, Belgium and Canada), moved via bank transfer and MTOs (Western Union, RIA) under a tightly controlled exchange regime, alongside recent regional-rail integration through PAPSS accession and SWIFT ISO 20022 migration.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Regional rail integration",
     "source": "https://www.wearetech.africa/fr/fils/actualites/finance/tunisie-les-transactions-electroniques-ont-atteint-8-8-milliards-de-dollars-en-2024",
     "source_url": "https://www.wearetech.africa/fr/fils/actualites/finance/tunisie-les-transactions-electroniques-ont-atteint-8-8-milliards-de-dollars-en-2024",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Remittance corridor / capital control",
     "source": "https://www.spendnode.io/crypto-cards/country/tunisia/",
     "source_url": "https://www.spendnode.io/crypto-cards/country/tunisia/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Large-value settlement system",
     "source": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/fiche35_a.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.spendnode.io/crypto-cards/country/tunisia/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W6",
   "name": "Industry Structure & Commercial Dynamics",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": true,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w6-industry-structure-commercial-dynamics",
   "standing_position": "Tunisia's payments industry remains bank-dominated (state-owned and legacy banks such as BIAT, STB, BNA) but has a growing licensed non-bank PSP segment (16 PSPs by March 2026) and an active fintech startup scene led by Flouci/Kaoun and La Poste Tunisienne's D17 wallet, alongside the national processor SMT.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Market composition",
     "source": "https://africanmanager.com/oft-tunisie-obtient-lagrement-definitif-de-la-bct-en-tant-quetablissement-de-paiement/",
     "source_url": "https://africanmanager.com/oft-tunisie-obtient-lagrement-definitif-de-la-bct-en-tant-quetablissement-de-paiement/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Private-company signal",
     "source": "https://tracxn.com/d/explore/fintech-startups-in-tunisia/__OOMGzIeyZYPyvEWpfn5a99rctj1DiS4wy_Az3wDFFAQ/companies",
     "source_url": "https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/lists/the-middle-easts-fintech-50-2025/flouci-by-kaoun/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Market leader profile",
     "source": "https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/lists/the-middle-easts-fintech-50-2025/flouci-by-kaoun/",
     "source_url": "https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/lists/the-middle-easts-fintech-50-2025/flouci-by-kaoun/",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W7",
   "name": "Legal & Litigation",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w7-legal-litigation",
   "standing_position": "The most significant recent payments-adjacent legal development is the 2024 cheque-law reform (Law 41-2024) reshaping cheque issuance and clearing, provoking SME distress; a separate draft e-commerce regulation (bill n°42/2024) proposes sanctions and site-closure powers for non-compliant online sellers. No landmark payments-specific court rulings were identified in this sweep.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Legislative reform",
     "source": "https://ecotous.tn/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Policy-Brief_Reglementation-des-cheques.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://ecotous.tn/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Policy-Brief_Reglementation-des-cheques.pdf",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Draft legislation (pending/horizon)",
     "source": "https://africanmanager.com/hausse-des-operations-de-paiement-en-ligne-un-secteur-en-mal-de-regulation/",
     "source_url": "https://africanmanager.com/hausse-des-operations-de-paiement-en-ligne-un-secteur-en-mal-de-regulation/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Dispute-resolution infrastructure",
     "source": "https://www.bt.com.tn/mediateur",
     "source_url": "https://africanmanager.com/hausse-des-operations-de-paiement-en-ligne-un-secteur-en-mal-de-regulation/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W8",
   "name": "Merchant Acquiring & Risk",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w8-merchant-acquiring-risk",
   "standing_position": "Merchant acquiring in Tunisia is bank/SMT-centric: SMT (Monétique Tunisie) operates the central switch for POS terminals, ATMs and e-commerce gateways, masking card data from merchants via an SSL-secured payment page; e-commerce growth (2.2 million online payments in 2024) is outpacing merchant-protection safeguards, prompting a draft regulatory response.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Acquiring/payment-gateway security",
     "source": "http://www.monetiquetunisie.com/index.php/fr/faq.html",
     "source_url": "http://www.monetiquetunisie.com/index.php/fr/faq.html",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Acceptance infrastructure",
     "source": "https://news.gnet.tn/paiement-electronique-tunisie/",
     "source_url": "https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202504110453.html",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Merchant/consumer risk",
     "source": "https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202504110453.html",
     "source_url": "https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202504110453.html",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W9",
   "name": "Product Innovation & Market Development",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w9-product-innovation-market-development",
   "standing_position": "Product innovation is centred on mobile-payment consolidation: the BCT-led TUNPAY unified visual identity/QR standard (2026), rapid mobile-wallet growth (+81% volume in 2025), the TuniChèque electronic-cheque digitisation platform, PAPSS regional-rail integration, and eKYC-enabled remote onboarding via the E-Houwiya digital identity system, all operating within the BCT's regulatory sandbox framework.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "National mobile-payment standard",
     "source": "https://carthagemagazine.com/tunpay/",
     "source_url": "https://carthagemagazine.com/tunpay/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Cheque digitisation",
     "source": "https://www.wearetech.africa/fr/fils/actualites/finance/tunisie-les-transactions-electroniques-ont-atteint-8-8-milliards-de-dollars-en-2024",
     "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/company/flouci",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Innovation sandbox",
     "source": "https://fintech.bct.gov.tn/en/node",
     "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/company/flouci",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Banking-as-a-Service launch",
     "source": "https://www.linkedin.com/company/flouci",
     "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/company/flouci",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Digital identity/onboarding",
     "source": "https://www.spendnode.io/crypto-cards/country/tunisia/",
     "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/company/flouci",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W10",
   "name": "Consumer Protection & APP Fraud",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w10-consumer-protection-app-fraud",
   "standing_position": "Consumer protection for payment-institution customers rests on Circular 2018-16's dedicated 'dispositif de protection du consommateur' plus a pre-existing statutory banking-mediation regime (mediator per credit institution, escalating to the BCT Governor) and the BCT's Observatoire de l'Inclusion Financière complaint-handling channel. No dedicated APP-fraud mandatory-reimbursement rule (of the UK/EU PSR type) was identified.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Consumer-protection mechanism",
     "source": "https://www.webmanagercenter.com/2019/01/02/429225/une-circulaire-de-la-bct-definit-les-conditions-dexercice-de-lactivite-des-etablissements-de-paiement/",
     "source_url": "https://www.webmanagercenter.com/2019/01/02/429225/une-circulaire-de-la-bct-definit-les-conditions-dexercice-de-lactivite-des-etablissements-de-paiement/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Complaints/ombudsman route",
     "source": "https://www.bt.com.tn/mediateur",
     "source_url": "https://oif.bct.gov.tn/blog/formulaires-mediation-et-reclamation/formulaires-de-reclamation",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Financial inclusion complaint channel",
     "source": "https://oif.bct.gov.tn/blog/formulaires-mediation-et-reclamation/formulaires-de-reclamation",
     "source_url": "https://oif.bct.gov.tn/blog/formulaires-mediation-et-reclamation/formulaires-de-reclamation",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Consumer-complaint trend (e-commerce)",
     "source": "https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202504110453.html",
     "source_url": "https://oif.bct.gov.tn/blog/formulaires-mediation-et-reclamation/formulaires-de-reclamation",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W11",
   "name": "AML/CFT & Financial Crime",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w11-aml-cft-financial-crime",
   "standing_position": "sentinel.position: Tunisia's AML/CFT framework is anchored in Organic Law 2015-26 (as amended by Organic Law 2019-9), with the CTAF (Commission Tunisienne des Analyses Financières) operating as the administrative-type FIU seated at the BCT. Tunisia exited FATF's on-going monitoring process in October 2019 following remediation of its 2016 mutual-evaluation deficiencies; the CTAF's own analysis flags a shift toward small-value, legitimate-source terrorism financing that evades conventional threshold-based detection.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "sentinel.Payment-institution AML controls",
     "source": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/Cir_2018_16_fr.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://en.africanmanager.com/small-amounts-legitimate-funds-ctaf-maps-an-almost-invisible-form-of-terrorism-financing/",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": "Tunisia's AML/CFT regime rests on Organic Law No.26 (2015) and CTAF (Commission Tunisienne des Analyses Financieres) as FIU. Tunisia exited FATF's ICRG monitoring in 2019 after a 2016 MENAFATF Mutual Evaluation and multiple enhanced follow-up re-ratings. A 5th-round MER is now pending. Beneficial-ownership rules for trusts exist (CTAF Decision No.3/2017) but lack punitive teeth, and asset-recovery capacity remains structurally weak.",
     "instrument_type": "assessment",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) per-JID baseline profile — Tunisia",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: sourcing-thinness",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-003)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: absent-field-provenance",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-004)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Sanctions: OFAC listing",
     "instrument_type": "sanctions_change",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) sanctions_change_register (issue FIM-BASE-SANC-003)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Enforcement: OFAC — Ayadi Chafiq Bin Muhammad (Tunisian national, Al-Qaida financier, SDGT)",
     "instrument_type": "enforcement_action",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) enforcement_action_register (issue FIM-BASE-ENF-004)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: political-constraint",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-002)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Enforcement: Tunisian investigating judiciary — Chawki Al-Tabib, former head of the National Anti-Corruption Authority",
     "instrument_type": "enforcement_action",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) enforcement_action_register (issue FIM-BASE-ENF-002)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": null
    },
    {
     "finding": "Gap: enforcement-absence",
     "instrument_type": "gap",
     "source": "FIM (sentinel.gi) gaps_register_cumulative (issue FIM-BASE-GAP-001)",
     "source_url": null,
     "source_tier": null,
     "retrieved_at": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W12",
   "name": "Correspondent Banking, Settlement & Access",
   "confidence": "High",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w12-correspondent-banking-settlement-access",
   "standing_position": "Tunisia is among the jurisdictions identified in cross-border banking surveys as experiencing correspondent-banking de-risking pressure. Domestic settlement runs through the BCT-operated SGMT/Elyssa-RTGS large-value systems (SWIFT-messaging based), with BIAT and other major banks maintaining direct SWIFT correspondent relationships; 2024 PAPSS accession offers a partial alternative settlement channel for intra-African corridors.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "De-risking exposure",
     "source": "https://www.ebrd.com/content/dam/ebrd_dxp/assets/pdfs/office-of-the-chief-economist/working-papers/working-papers-2023/WP-285-Broken-Relationships-De.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.ebrd.com/content/dam/ebrd_dxp/assets/pdfs/office-of-the-chief-economist/working-papers/working-papers-2023/WP-285-Broken-Relationships-De.pdf",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Domestic settlement infrastructure",
     "source": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/fiche35_a.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/documents/fiche35_a.pdf",
     "source_tier": "1",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Correspondent bank listing",
     "source": "https://www.agranibank.org/assets/nrb/overseas/Foreign_Bank_Country_wise_19112025.pdf",
     "source_url": "https://www.wearetech.africa/fr/fils/actualites/finance/tunisie-les-transactions-electroniques-ont-atteint-8-8-milliards-de-dollars-en-2024",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "Alternative settlement channel",
     "source": "https://www.wearetech.africa/fr/fils/actualites/finance/tunisie-les-transactions-electroniques-ont-atteint-8-8-milliards-de-dollars-en-2024",
     "source_url": "https://www.wearetech.africa/fr/fils/actualites/finance/tunisie-les-transactions-electroniques-ont-atteint-8-8-milliards-de-dollars-en-2024",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "code": "W13",
   "name": "Commercial Intelligence & Fintech",
   "confidence": "Assessed",
   "moved_this_cycle": false,
   "url": "https://payments.gi/jurisdictions/tunisia/#w13-commercial-intelligence-fintech",
   "standing_position": "The trailing-12-month window is dominated by regulatory market entry rather than disclosed M&A: OFT Tunisie (Ooredoo FinTech) received its final BCT payment-institution licence in January 2026, becoming the 16th licensed PSP; the BCT itself launched the TUNPAY national mobile-payment brand in 2026; disclosed venture funding for Tunisian fintechs remains limited and largely undisclosed in amount.",
   "findings": [
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event",
     "source": "https://africanmanager.com/oft-tunisie-obtient-lagrement-definitif-de-la-bct-en-tant-quetablissement-de-paiement/",
     "source_url": "https://africanmanager.com/oft-tunisie-obtient-lagrement-definitif-de-la-bct-en-tant-quetablissement-de-paiement/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event",
     "source": "https://carthagemagazine.com/tunpay/",
     "source_url": "https://carthagemagazine.com/tunpay/",
     "source_tier": "2",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    },
    {
     "finding": null,
     "instrument_type": "commercial_event",
     "source": "https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/434265-76",
     "source_url": "https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/434265-76",
     "source_tier": "3",
     "retrieved_at": "2026-07-04"
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}