{
  "_meta": {
    "jurisdiction_id": "GLOBAL",
    "schema_version": "world-payments-global-v1"
  },
  "meta": {
    "schema_version": "world-payments-global-v1",
    "monitor_slug": "world-payments",
    "axis": "global"
  },
  "provenance": {
    "last_run_id": null,
    "last_run_type": null,
    "last_run_jurisdiction": "GLOBAL",
    "run_started_at": null,
    "run_completed_at": null,
    "contributing_jurisdictions": []
  },
  "generated_at": null,
  "week_of": null,
  "summary": "",
  "cited_jids": [],
  "corridors": {
    "corridor_count": 35,
    "source_jids": [
      "AFR",
      "BD",
      "CN",
      "CZ",
      "DK",
      "DO",
      "EG",
      "GH",
      "GIB",
      "HK",
      "ID",
      "KH",
      "KR",
      "LA",
      "LI",
      "MM",
      "MO",
      "MX",
      "MY",
      "MZ",
      "NG",
      "PK",
      "RU",
      "SG",
      "VE",
      "ZA"
    ],
    "enriched_at": "2026-08-11T10:59:13Z",
    "enriched_by": "build_wpm_corridors_aggregate.py --enrich-global",
    "corridors": [
      {
        "corridor": "AFR-PAPSS-network",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "trajectory": "consolidating",
        "key_development": "BEAC/CEMAC accession expands PAPSS to 28 countries.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "source_jid": "AFR",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/afr/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Africa"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "KE-PAPSS",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "trajectory": "improving",
        "key_development": "Pesalink-PAPSS integration enables local-currency instant cross-border settlement into Kenya.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "source_jid": "AFR",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/afr/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Africa"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "NG-diaspora-remittance",
        "access_direction": "closing",
        "trajectory": "tightening",
        "key_development": "Naira-exclusive payout directive removes dollar-payout option for IMTOs serving the Nigerian diaspora corridor.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "source_jid": "AFR",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/afr/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Africa"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "BD-INTL",
        "trajectory": "opening",
        "key_development": "New BB framework permits internationally licensed foreign PSPs to facilitate inbound/outbound cross-border payments, easing prior access constraints for freelancers/exporters.",
        "confidence": "Low",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "source_jid": "BD",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/bd/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Bangladesh"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "CN-HK",
        "trajectory": "tightening",
        "key_development": "Cross-border brokerage/account access between mainland China and Hong Kong is narrowing under the CSRC/SFC crackdown and bank de-risking.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "access_direction": "closing",
        "source_jid": "CN",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/cn/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "China (Mainland)"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "EU-CZ",
        "trajectory": "stable",
        "key_development": "EU banks (e.g. Malta's Multitude Bank) participate in CERTIS cross-border without CZ establishment.",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "confidence": "High",
        "source_jid": "CZ",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/cz/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Czech Republic"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "DK-EU",
        "trajectory": "integrating",
        "key_development": "DKK T2/TIPS go-live 22 April 2025 (date corrected this cycle).",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "confidence": "High",
        "source_jid": "DK",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/dk/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Denmark"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "DK-NO-FI-SE",
        "trajectory": "expanding",
        "key_development": "Vipps MobilePay Nordic P2P corridor; Sweden added Sept 2024, standard 4% cross-border fee.",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "confidence": "High",
        "source_jid": "DK",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/dk/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Denmark"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "US-DO",
        "trajectory": "watch",
        "key_development": "New 1% US outbound cash-remittance tax took effect; BCRD projects minimal DO-side impact given high banked/digital-transfer share.",
        "confidence": "Probable",
        "access_direction": "stable",
        "source_jid": "DO",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/do/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Dominican Republic"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "EG-GCC",
        "trajectory": "opening",
        "key_development": "InstaPay enabled direct inbound remittances from Gulf countries starting November 2024.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "source_jid": "EG",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/eg/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Egypt"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "GH-domestic-mobile-money",
        "trajectory": "watch",
        "key_development": "GH¢492.90 billion moved via mobile money in June 2026 alone; dominant deposit/withdrawal rail under active BoG fee-policy scrutiny.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "access_direction": "stable",
        "source_jid": "GH",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/gh/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Ghana"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "UK-GIB",
        "trajectory": "stable pending permanent GAR",
        "key_development": "Transitional passporting extended to 31 December 2026; permanent GAR framework not yet operable.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "access_direction": "stable",
        "source_jid": "GIB",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/gib/#sec-corridors"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "HK-CN",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "key_development": "Payment Connect FPS-IBPS linkage enables real-time small-value cross-boundary remittances.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "source_jid": "HK",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/hk/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Hong Kong"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "HK-TH",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "key_development": "FPS expanding cross-border connection with Thailand's PromptPay.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "source_jid": "HK",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/hk/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Hong Kong"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "ID-KR",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "key_development": "QRIS cross-border interoperability with South Korea launched 1 April 2026.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "source_jid": "ID",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/id/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Indonesia"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "ID-CN",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "key_development": "QRIS cross-border interoperability with China continuing expansion.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "source_jid": "ID",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/id/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Indonesia"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "ID-JP",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "key_development": "QRIS interoperability with Japan active since August 2025.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "source_jid": "ID",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/id/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Indonesia"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "KH-CN",
        "trajectory": "improving",
        "key_development": "Bakong-WeChat QR clearing bank approval deepens the KH-CN retail payment corridor.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "source_jid": "KH",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/kh/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Cambodia"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "KH-SG",
        "trajectory": "improving",
        "key_development": "Bakong-RoamQR Phase 2 enables Singapore travellers to pay via KHQR in Cambodia.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "source_jid": "KH",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/kh/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Cambodia"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "KR-HK",
        "trajectory": "opening",
        "key_development": "Kbank/HashKey/BPMG stablecoin infrastructure MOU targets a Korea-Hong Kong remittance corridor ahead of enabling legislation.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "source_jid": "KR",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/kr/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "South Korea"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "TH-LA",
        "trajectory": "opening",
        "key_development": "Bank of Thailand / Bank of the Lao PDR cross-border QR payment linkage live since April 2024, using Kasikornbank/BCEL as settlement banks and National ITMX/LAPNet as system operators.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "source_jid": "LA",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/la/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Laos"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "LI-CH",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "trajectory": "material_change",
        "key_development": "Swiss crypto firms are increasingly routing through Liechtenstein-based subsidiaries to obtain EEA-wide passporting unavailable directly under Swiss FINMA licensing.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "source_jid": "LI",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/li/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Liechtenstein"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "MM-US",
        "access_direction": "closing",
        "trajectory": "tightening",
        "key_development": "Sustained OFAC designations and persistent FATF blacklist status progressively restrict USD correspondent-banking access for Myanmar counterparties.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "source_jid": "MM",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/mm/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Myanmar"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "MO-HK",
        "trajectory": "opening",
        "key_development": "MPay HK UnionPay card top-up support reduces cross-border payment friction.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "source_jid": "MO",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/mo/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Macau SAR"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "US-MX",
        "trajectory": "tightening",
        "key_development": "CIBanco, Intercam and Vector remain excluded from the US financial system under FinCEN Section 2313a special measures; CIBanco order amended toward liquidation.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "access_direction": "closing",
        "source_jid": "MX",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/mx/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "MY-SG",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "trajectory": "improving",
        "key_development": "DuitNow QR interoperability with Singapore's NETS and Project Nexus Technical Operator JV between PayNet and NETS.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "source_jid": "MY",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/my/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Malaysia"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "MZ-ROW",
        "access_direction": "closing",
        "key_development": "New aggregate outbound card-payment limits (6M MZN/year) constrain the cross-border card-payment corridor.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "source_jid": "MZ",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/mz/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Mozambique"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "NG-GH",
        "trajectory": "improving",
        "key_development": "Onafriq-PAPSS six-month pilot launched 3 Feb 2026 for instant naira-cedi wallet transfers, targeting sub-120-second settlement and cost reduction toward the G20 3% target.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "source_jid": "NG",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/ng/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Nigeria"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "PK-UAE",
        "trajectory": "tightening",
        "key_development": "Federal crackdown on hawala/hundi networks directs remittances through official banking channels, tightening informal-corridor access.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "access_direction": "closing",
        "source_jid": "PK",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/pk/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Pakistan"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "RU-KG",
        "trajectory": "closing",
        "key_development": "EU designation of Kyrgyz A7A5-trading venues and Grinex's suspension reduce the RU-KG crypto settlement corridor's operational capacity.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "access_direction": "closing",
        "source_jid": "RU",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/ru/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Russia"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "SG-TH",
        "trajectory": "stable",
        "key_development": "PayNow-PromptPay live since April 2021.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "access_direction": "stable",
        "source_jid": "SG",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/sg/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Singapore"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "SG-IN",
        "trajectory": "stable",
        "key_development": "PayNow-UPI linkage operative.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "access_direction": "stable",
        "source_jid": "SG",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/sg/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Singapore"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "SG-MY",
        "trajectory": "stable",
        "key_development": "PayNow-DuitNow linkage since Nov 2023.",
        "confidence": "Assessed",
        "access_direction": "stable",
        "source_jid": "SG",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/sg/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Singapore"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "US-VE",
        "trajectory": "improving",
        "key_development": "OFAC GL57 reopens the correspondent-banking corridor between US financial institutions and Venezuela's BCV/state banks.",
        "confidence": "High",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "source_jid": "VE",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/ve/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "Venezuela"
      },
      {
        "corridor": "ZA-SADC",
        "trajectory": "material_change",
        "key_development": "SARB targeting SADC TCIB/PAPSS integration to reduce remittance costs.",
        "confidence": "Low",
        "access_direction": "opening",
        "source_jid": "ZA",
        "link": "/jurisdictions/za/#sec-corridors",
        "source_label": "South Africa"
      }
    ]
  }
}